Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Irregular bone

sacrum

T/F Mixtures are combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds

true

T/F Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

true

T/F Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur

true

T/F Squamous cells are flattened and scale-like when mature

true

T/F Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue

true

T/F The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution

true

T/F The atomic weight is an average of the relative weights (mass number) of all the isotopes of an element

true

T/F The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chief difference between mixture and compounds

true

T/F The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration

true

T/F Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance

true

Cardiac muscle

virtually no functional regenerative ability

Skeletal muscle

weak regenerative ability

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)

7

The stomach is (blank) to the spine

Anterior

Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties

Atom

when the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work

Chemical energy

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within

Heterogeneous, will not settle

Colloid

The fingers are (blank) to the wrist

Distal

Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane

Electrical energy

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure

Hydrogen bond

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved

Ionic bond

The lungs are (blank) to the heart

Lateral

Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle

Mechanical energy

The bridge of the nose is (blank) to the left eye

Medial

A bond in which electrons are shared equally

Non polar covalent bond

Neutral subatomic particle

Nuetron

The upper arm is (blank) to the forearm

Proximal

Energy that travels in waves. part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Radiant energy

Homogeneous, will not settle

Solutions

Will not scatter light

Solutions

Heterogeneous, will settle

Suspension

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane

any sagittal plane except in the middle

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as

appositional growth

Peroxisomes

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

Place the following in the correct sequence from simplest to most complex molecules atoms tissues cells organs

atoms molecules cells tissues organs

What happens in redox reactions

both decomposition and electron exchange occur

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone

canaliculi

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are

carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen

Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron

cation

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a

centriole

The structure of bone tissues suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is dated to support weight and withstands torsion stresses

compact bone

Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress

desmosomes

Type of anchoring junction

desmosomes

At what age do bones reach their peak density

early adulthood

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as

endocrine

The lining of the marrow cavity

endosteum

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

enhancement of labor contractions

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes

enzymes work by raising the energy of activation

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide form the blood. This is an example of

excretion of metabolic waste

T/F Goblet cells are found within pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

false

T/F Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.

false

T/F It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it

false

T/F Triglycerides are a poor source of stored energy

false

T/F covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of

fat

Flat bones

frontal bone Ribs

Allows ions and small molecules to pass through from one cell to another

gap junction

Present in electrically excitable tissues

gap junction

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reactions in the body is much faster than the rest of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life functions will be accomplished?

growth

The thoracic cavity contains the (blank). It is found (blank) to the vertebral cavity

heart and lungs; anterior

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes

helps in the formation of cell membranes

Long bones

humerus phlageles

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of

hyperextension

Layers of bone matrix

lamella

A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells

lines most of the respiratory tract

Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell

microvilli

Tendons and ligaments

moderate regenerative ability

Smooth muscle

moderates regenerative ability

Which of the following is a function of plasma membrane protein

molecular transport through the membrane

Combination of two or more atoms of the same elements held together by chemical bonds

molecules

Passive membrane transport processes include

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a

organ

The cells responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the

osteoblast

Cells that can build bony matrix

osteoblasts

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

osteoclasts

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following expect

palms turned posteriorly

Sesamoid bones

platella

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally

polar covalent bond

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Areolar connective tissue

regenerates extremely well

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

sagittal

The genetic information is coed in DNA by the

sequence of the nucleotides

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue

simple columnar

Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs

simple squamous

ATP - ADP + Pi is an example of a (blank) reaction

synthesis

Short bones

tarsal

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with

the release of energy

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth

the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells

tight junction

T/F A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function

true

T/F All organic compounds contain carbon

true

T/F Buffers resist abrupt and large chines in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions

true

T/F Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface

true