Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 2 Questions

Proteins are synthesized from ________ during synthesis reactions. A) monosaccharides B) amino acids C) glycerol and fatty acids D) nucleotides

B) amino acids

Which of the following is a protein? A) cholesterol B) antibody C) glucose D) triglyceride E) RNA

B) antibody

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________. A) molecules B) atoms C) compounds D) polymers E) protons

B) atoms

The most common steroid is ________. A) phospholipid B) cholesterol C) triglyceride D) trans fat E) unsaturated fat

B) cholesterol

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms. A) peptide B) double C) triple D) monosaccharide

B) double

Saturated fats ________. A) have two fatty acid chains B) exist as solids at room temperature C) are formed from four interlocking carbon rings D) contain many double bonds E) exist as liquids and are derived from plants

B) exist as solids at room temperature

Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins. A) structural B) globular (functional) C) fibrous D) alpha

B) globular (functional)

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar? A) sucrose B) glucose C) ribose D) deoxyribose E) cellulose

B) glucose

The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by ________. A) carbon bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) ionic bonds D) nonpolar covalent bonds E) polar covalent bonds

B) hydrogen

Which of the following elements is needed to make functional thyroid hormone? A) magnesium B) iodine C) iron D) potassium E) chlorine

B) iodine

Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be ________. A) a solid B) matter C) an element D) energy

B) matter

Exchange reactions in which an acid and a base interact are known as ________. A) decomposition reactions B) neutralization reactions C) anabolic reactions D) hydrolysis reactions E) catabolic reactions

B) neutralization reactions

Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus they also have different ________. A) protons; atomic numbers B) neutrons; atomic masses C) electrons; atomic numbers D) protons; atomic masses E) neutrons; atomic numbers

B) neutrons; atomic masses

Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ________ compounds. A) electrolytic B) organic C) inorganic D) acidic

B) organic

The most common element in the human body is ________. A) carbon B) oxygen C) hydrogen D) nitrogen

B) oxygen

The major function of potassium is to ________. A) serve as a salt in bones and teeth B) play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions C) make functional thyroid hormones D) influence the pH of body fluids E) exist as the most abundant extracellularcation

B) play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions

The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of ________. A) electrons in the atomic nucleus B) protons in the atomic nucleus C) protons plus neutrons D) protons plus electrons E) neutrons plus electrons

B) protons in the atomic nucleus

A solution with a pH of 11.7 is ________ times more basic (alkaline) than a solution with a pH of 8.7. A) 10 B) 100 C) 1000 D) 3

C) 1000

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s). A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 18

B) 2

An atom with an atomic number of 14 will have ________ electrons in its valence shell. A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 10 E) 14 Answer:

B) 4

Which letter represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

B) Label B

Which of the following contains sodium? A) H2O B) NaCl C) N2 D) CH4 E) H2SO4

B) NaCl

Which of the following statements about RNA is true A) RNA is single stranded. B) RNA is composed of cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine. C) RNA is found only in the nucleus of the cell. D) RNA contains deoxyribose. E) RNA is a double helix.

A) RNA is single stranded

A molecule of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n) ________. A) compound B) radioisotope C) element D) atom E) anion

A) compound

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________. A) deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base B) ribose; three phosphate groups; nitrogen-containing base C) ribose; two phosphate groups; acid group D) ribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

A) deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? A) increased temperature B) large particle size C) lack of catalysts D) decreased temperature E) few particles

A) increased temperature

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? A) ionic bond B) hydrogen bond C) carbon bond D) polar covalent bond E) nonpolar covalent bond

A) ionic bond

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains. A) protons B) neutrons C) protons and neutrons D) neutrons and electrons

A) protons

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________. A) protons (hydrogen ions) B) hydroxyl ions C) neutrons D) electrons

A) protons (hydrogen ions)

The building blocks of a triglyceride are ________. A) three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule B) one fatty acid chain and one glycerol molecule C) four interlocking rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms D) amino acids E) nucleotides

A) three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. A) unequally between atoms B) between ions C) equally between atoms D) or transferred between atoms

A) unequally between atoms

An atom's outermost shell is known as its ________ shell. A) valence B) ionic C) isotopic D) inorganic

A) valence

In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units ________. A) water molecules must be added to each bond B) water molecules must be removed from each bond C) carbon atoms must be added to each bond D) carbon atoms must be removed from each bond E) water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond

A) water molecules must be added to each bond

Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid? A) ATP has a polar region and a nonpolar region. B) ATP contains four interlocking carbon rings. C) ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine. D) All nucleic acids, such as ATP, function as catalysts to increase reaction rates. E) All nucleic acids have an amine and an acid functional group.

C) ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

Nucleotides are composed of ________. A) three fatty acid chains and one glycerol B) peptide bonds C) a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base D) four fused carbon rings E) amino acids with an amine group and an acid group

C) a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? A) a solution with a pH of 2.4 B) a solution with a pH of 5.2 C) a solution with a pH of 6.4 D) a solution with a pH of 8.6 E) a solution with a pH of 10.1

C) a solution with a pH of 6.4

The building blocks of proteins are ________. A) monosaccharides B) nucleotides C) amino acids D) nucleic acids E) fatty acids

C) amino acids

Enzymes are ________. A) carbohydrates B) stable at high temperatures C) biological catalysts D) not reuseable E) required in large amounts in order to be effective

C) biological catalysts

The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n) ________. A) double replacement reaction B) synthesis reaction C) decomposition reaction D) neutralization reaction E) anabolic reaction

C) decomposition reaction

The sugar found in DNA is ________. A) ribose B) sucrose C) deoxyribose D) lactose E) starch

C) deoxyribose

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy. A) radiant B) mechanical C) electrical D) chemical

C) electrical

The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of ________. A) radiant energy B) chemical energy C) electrical energy D) mechanical energy E) potential energy

C) electrical energy

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) isotopes E) ions

C) electrons

Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of ________. A) oxygen atoms B) carbon atoms C) hydrogen atoms D) nitrogen atoms E) phosphorus-containing groups

C) hydrogen atoms

Letter D represents the structure of a(n) ________. A) monosaccharide B) amino acid C) triglyceride D) steroid

C) triglyceride

Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation? A) vitamin A B) vitamin C C) vitamin D D) vitamin E E) vitamin K

C) vitamin D

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound? A) glucose B) triglyceride C) water D) protein E) steroid

C) water

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is ________. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 14 E) 20

D) 14

What is the atomic number of an atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 12

D) 6

Identify the nucleic acid. A) oxidase B) cholesterol C) glucose D) DNA E) triglyceride

D) DNA

An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________. A) anion B) molecule C) isotope D) cation E) neutral atom

D) cation

Water absorbs and releases large amount of energy before changing temperature, a characteristic known as ________. A) cushioning B) buffering C) chemical reactivity D) high heat capacity E) polarity

D) high heat capacity

Enzymes ________. A) are essential to virtually every biochemical reaction in the body B) help regulate growth and development C) are highly specialized proteins that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and some viruses D) increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold E) when absent or destroyed, cause all biochemical reactions to cease

D) increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons are known as ________. A) isotopes B) reactants C) molecules D) ions

D) ions

Letter E represents a nucleic acid building block known as a ________. A) monosaccharide B) triglyceride C) saturated fat D) nucleotide

D) nucleotide

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. A) monosaccharides B) triglycerides C) steroids D) polysaccharides

D) polysaccharides

An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ________. A) a cation B) an anion C) a neutral atom D) stable E) an ion

D) stable

The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ________. A) decomposition reactions B) catabolic reactions C) hydrolysis reactions D) synthesis reactions E) neutralization reactions

D) synthesis reactions

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________. A) guanine B) cytosine C) leucine D) thymine

D) thymine

Which of the following statements about ATP is false? A) It drives the transport of certain solutes (e.g., amino acids) across cell membranes. B) It activates contractile proteins in muscle cells so that cells can shorten and perform mechanical work. C) It provides the energy needed to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions. D) It is a modified nucleotide. E) Its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds.

E) Its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary? A) adenine and guanine B) guanine and uracil C) thymine and guanine D) cytosine and adenine E) adenine and thymine

E) adenine and thymine

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues? A) ribose B) cellulose C) starch D) glucose E) glycogen

E) glycogen

A solution with a pH of 7 ________. A) is acidic B) releases more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions into solution C) releases more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions into solution D) is basic E) is neutral

E) is neutral

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ________. A) nucleic acids B) carbohydrates C) salts D) lipids E) proteins

E) proteins

Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ________ in an atom. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) protons and electrons E) protons and neutrons

E) protons and neutrons

Two or more polypeptides chains combine to form a complex structure called a ________. A) primary structure B) beta-pleated sheet C) secondary structure D) tertiary structure E) quaternary structure

E) quaternary structure

Which of these enzymes catalyzes sucrose? A) glucase B) cholesterol C) oxidase D) cellulase E) sucrase

E) sucrase

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________. A) polarity B) denaturation of proteins C) enzyme structure D) nonpolar covalent bonding E) surface tension

E) surface tension