Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 10: Blood

Formed elements (H)

(A) through (G) are examples of these

Pernicious, B12

A decreased efficiency of the gastric mucosa makes elderly individuals particularly susceptible to ___________ anemia as a result of a lack of intrinsic factor which is necessary for vitamin _________ absorption.

F

A fetus has a special type of hemoglobin, hemoglobin __________, that has a particular affinity for oxygen.

Monocyte (E), Neutrophil (F)

Actively phagocytic leukocytes

Lymphocyte (G)

After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue

Monocyte (E), Lymphocyte (G)

Agranular leukocytes

Platelets (E), Serotonin (G)

Almost immediately, _______ cling to the blood vessel wall and release ______, which helps to decrease blood loss by helping to constrict the vessel.

Red blood cell (A)

Also called an erythrocyte; annucleate

Neutrophil (F), Eosinophil (C), Basophil (D), Lymphocytes (G), Monocyte (E)

Also called white blood cells

sickle-cell

An anemia in which RBCs become sharp and "logjam" in the blood vessels under conditions of low-oxygen tension in the blood is _______ anemia.

Thrombi

An important problem in aged individuals is their tendency to form undesirable clots, or _________.

No, A positive

At the Clinic: Could he be the father of her child? If not, what blood type would the father be expected to have?

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

At the Clinic: Mrs. Graves has just donated a pint of blood. Shortly thereafter, her bone marrow is gearing up to replace the loss. Which of the formed elements will be produced in the greatest quantities?

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

At the Clinic: What is this condition, a result of Rh incompatibility, called?

treatment with RhoGAM

At the Clinic: What measures should be taken to prevent the previously described situation from happening in a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive baby?

It is anemic because the mother's antibodies are killing off the baby's RBCs.

At the Clinic: Why is the baby cyanotic?

Hemophilia

Bleeder's disease, or ________, is a result of a deficiency of certain clotting factors.

oxygen

Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with _____; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.

Leukemia

Both the young and the elderly are at risk for cancer of the blood, or __________.

Break (A)

Clotting begins when a _________ occurs in a blood vessel wall.

Red blood cell (A)

Contains hemoglobin

Megakaryocyte (B)

Fragments to form platelets

Eosinophil (C), Basophil (D), Neutrophil (F)

Granular leukocytes

erythrocytes, hematocrit

If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _____, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the __________.

connective tissue, formed elements, plasma

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as _________ because it has living blood cells called _______ suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called _________.

Eosinophil (C)

Increases during parasite attacks

Monocyte (E)

Increases in number during prolonged infections

Basophil (D)

Least numerous leukocyte

Neutrophil (F)

Most numerous leukocyte

both parents carried the sickle cell gene

Multiple Choice: A child is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. This means that?

petechiae

Multiple Choice: A condition resulting from thrombocytopenia?

neutrophils

Multiple Choice: A serious bacterial infection leads to more of these cells in the blood?

If the child is Rh-, If the father is Rh-

Multiple Choice: If an Rh- mother becomes pregnant, when can hemolytic disease of the newborn NOT POSSIBLY occur in the child?

the cancerous WBCs fail to specialize, production of RBCs and platelets is decreased, infection and bleeding can be life threatening

Multiple Choice: In leukemia?

distorted, lobbed nuclei

Multiple Choice: Leukocytes share all of the following features except?

blood loss, vigorous exercise, stress, fever

Multiple Choice: Sickling of RBCs can be induced in those with sickle-cell anemia by?

lymphocyte

Multiple Choice: The blood cell that can attack a specific antigen is a(n)?

basophil

Multiple Choice: The leukocyte that releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals is the?

7.4

Multiple Choice: The normal pH of blood is?

fibrinogen

Multiple Choice: The plasma components that forms of the fibrous skeleton of a clot consists of?

A thrombus must travel to become an embolus

Multiple Choice: What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

They rely on anaerobic respiration, A large part of their volume is hemoglobin, Their shape increases membrane surface area

Multiple Choice: Which of the following are true concerning erythrocytes?

Clogging of small vessels by agglutinated clumps of RBCs, lysis of donated RBCs, blockage of kidney tubules

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can cause problems in a transfusion reaction?

cells found in largest numbers in the bloodstream

Multiple Choice: Which of the following does not characterize leukocytes?

chronic bleeding ulcer, reduction in respiratory ventilation, reduced blood flow to kidneys

Multiple Choice: Which would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

Erythrocytes (B), PF3 (H), Tissue Factor (K)

Once present, molecule #8 acts as an enzyme to attach _______ molecules together to form long, threadlike strands of _________, which the traps ______ flowing by in the blood.

Plasma (I)

Primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood

4

Rank the following lymphocytes in order from 1 (most abundant) to 5 (least abundant). 1. Lymphocyte

3

Rank the following lymphocytes in order from 1 (most abundant) to 5 (least abundant). 2. Basophil

1

Rank the following lymphocytes in order from 1 (most abundant) to 5 (least abundant). 3. Neutrophil

2

Rank the following lymphocytes in order from 1 (most abundant) to 5 (least abundant). 4. Eosinophil

5

Rank the following lymphocytes in order from 1 (most abundant) to 5 (least abundant). 5. Monocyte

Basophil (D)

Releases histamines during inflammatory reactions

Lymphocyte

Term that doesn't belong: Hemoglobin, lymphocyte, oxygen transport, erythrocytes

Lymphocyte

Term that doesn't belong: Myeloid stem cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil

Monocytes

Term that doesn't belong: Neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

Hemoglobin

Term that doesn't belong: Plasma, nutrients, hemoglobin, wastes

Platelets

Term that doesn't belong: Platelets, monocytes, phagocytosis, neutrophils

Aneurysm

Term that doesn't belong: Thrombus, aneurysm, embolus, clot

Erythrocytes

Term that doesn't belong: Erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils.

clotting

The "fibers" of blood only become visible during _______.

one

The Buffy coat accounts for less than ______ % of blood volume.

plasma

The less dense ________ rises to the top and constitutes about 45% of the blood volume.

leukocytes, platelets

The so-called "Buffy coat", composed of ______ and _____, is found at the junction between the other two blood elements.

AB

The universal recipient?

Fibrinogen (D), Fibrin (C)

This chemical substance causes ________ to be converted to _________.

True

True or False (correct term if false) "Hemostasis" means stoppage of blood flow.

3-6

True or False (correct term if false) Normally blood clots within "5-10" minutes.

Heparin

True or False (correct term if false) The most important natural body anticoagulant is "histamine".

T

True or False (correct term if false) An abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs is "leukopenia".

T

True or False (correct term if false) An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is "leukocytosis".

less

True or False (correct term if false) An anemia resulting from a decreased RBC number causes the blood to become "more" viscous.

hematocrit

True or False (correct term if false) Normal "hemoglobin" values are in the area of 42%-47% of the volume of whole blood.

monocytes

True or False (correct term if false) Phagocytic granular WBCs are "eosinophils".

5.5

True or False (correct term if false) The cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approximately "4" liters of blood.

lymphocytes

True or False (correct term if false) The leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are "monocytes".

4.5-5.5

True or False (correct term if false) The normal RBC count is "3.5-4.5" million/mm3.

7.35

True or False (correct term if false) The normal pH range of blood is "7.00" to 7.45.

T

True or False (correct term if false) The only WBC type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the "lymphocyte".

kidneys

True or False (correct term if false) When blood becomes too acidic or too basic both the respiratory system and the "liver" may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.

diapedesis

True or False (correct term if false) White blood cells (WBCs move into and out of blood vessels by the process of "positive chemotaxis".

O

What blood type is the universal donor?

A reaction during which plasma antibodies attach to and lyse red blood cells different from your own.

When a person is given a transfusion of mismatched blood, a transfusion reaction occurs. Define the term "transfusion reaction":

jaundiced

When the immature infant liver cannot keep pace with the demands to rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products, the infant's tissues become yellowed, or __________.

Iron

Women are particularly prone to ______ - deficiency anemia because of their monthly menses.

Thromboplastin (I), Prothrombin (F), Thrombin (H)

________, released by damaged cells in the area, interacts with ______ on the platelet surfaces and other clotting factors to form __________.