Anatomy & Physiology Exam

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The mesentery is __________

A double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall

What chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP ?

ATP + H20 -> ADP + P + energy

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction ?

Acetylcholine

What is a component of a nucleotide ?

Adenine- a nitrogenous base

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is ?

Albinism

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called ?

An all-or-none response

Ellipsoid joints ________

Are actually modified ball and socket joints

Harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. Where specifically is the problem area ?

Between his tooth socket and tooth

What is a posterior thigh muscle?

Biceps femoris

Dr. Jagasia informs a patient they have fractured the most anterior part of their vertebra. What part is most likely affected ?

Body

What arteries supply blood to the brain ?

Both the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries

Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. What bone is is affected ?

C1

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart ?

Cardiac muscle

What carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

Cardiovascular system

What type of bone is considered dense bone ?

Compact bone

Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from ?

Connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum

The presence of water in our bodies allows us to ____

Cool the body with sweat, maintain a fairly constant body temp., provide an environment for chemical reactions, and keep tissues moist and reduce friction

Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by ________

Decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is _______

Detection of heat and touch

Damage to the phrenic nerves would result in ?

Difficulty breathing

What is the end of a long bone ?

Epiphysis

Skeletal muscles __________

Extend from one bone to another bone

A baseball player was hit on the left side of his skull in the parotid aea. He cannot close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops. What cranial nerve was damaged ?

Facial

If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, what spinal nerves was probably damaged ?

Femoral

What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae ?

Fibrocartilage

A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the ?

Fibula

What is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous ?

Freckles

List the arrangement of components found in a third-class lever.

Fulcrum-pull-weight

What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue ?

Full-thickness

Adipose tissue _____

Functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage

What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body ?

Glenohumeral joint

Which thigh muscles adducts the thigh and flexes the knee ?

Gracilis

In the process of tissue repair, what event occurs last ?

Granulation tissue develops

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is ?

Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

A coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation this delicate bone this delicate bone is fractured. What bone is this ?

Hyoid

What represents a class I lever system ?

Hyperextension of the head

What does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints ?

Increased production of synovial fluids

Muscle tone

Is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time

What is a function of the vertebral column?

It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord

What is associated with the medulla oblongata ?

It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter

The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is ?

Jaundice

Damage to what nerves would be most life-threatening ?

Phrenic nerves

Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain ?

Posterior Pelvic Region

Low levels of ____________ can have dire consequences on the functioning of neurons because of its role in membrane polarization.

Potassium ions

What is true during the resting membrane potential ?

Potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell

In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. What bones were severed ?

Radius and the ulna

DNA replication occurs during ?

S phase of interphase

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract ?

Smooth muscle

Anatomy students are viewing bone and identifying the sella turcica, pterygoid processes, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and the foramen rotundum. What bone are they studying ?

Sphenoid bone

What layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body ?

Stratum Lucidum

The term "shin splints" is applied ________

Stress fractures of the fibula 2 to 5 cm distal to the knee

What factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions ?

Temperature, concentration of reactants, presence of catalysts, and presence of enzymes.

What event occurs during the lag phase of a muscle twitch ?

The action potential is propagated from presynaptic membrane

The parietal pericardium is ____

The membrane that lines the pericardial sac

The parietal peritoneum is _________

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because ________

There are more leak ion channels or K+ than Na+

If a man exercises by doing push-ups every day, he would strengthen or enlarge which of the following muscles?

Triceps brachii

What is a synthesis reaction?

Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?

Urinary system

Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla. To what group of bone does this belong ?

Viscerocranium

An isometric contraction is described as _______

a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant.

The oculomotor nerve

adjusts pupil size to the level of lighting.

Injury to the thalamus would ?

affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex

A biaxial joint has movement ________

around two axes at right angles to one another.

In humans ______

back muscles are strong to maintain erect posture

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease ?

biopsy

By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain

body temperature homeostasis

The central nervous system includes the _________

brain and spinal cord

The primary mineral in bone is ?

calcium

An example of a saddle joint is the ___________

carpometacarpal joint

In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into ?

columns; gray matter into horns

Electrolytes are substances that _____

conduct electricity when dissolved in water

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it ___

consist of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them

The cerebral medulla

consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex.

Cartilage

contains chondrocytes located in lacunae

Spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae

The peripheral nervous system includes the _______

cranial nerves

Rigor mortis occurs after death because

cross-bridges from but can't release

Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by the _______

deltoid

Gap junctions are functional _____________ synapses.

electrical

What is the site of long bone growth?

epiphyseal plate

By covering the whole body surface skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in ?

excretion

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the the process of ?

exocytosis

All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a

gene

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region of ____

higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

The corpus callosum

is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the let cerebral hemisphere

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis ___

is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not

The spinal cord

links the peripheral nervous system to the brain

A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution ...

loses water

In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator ?

metaphase

What is NOT a characteristic function of a cell ?

movement

An action potential

occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the _________

parietal peritoneum

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the ?

periosteum

The suffix "-itis"means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver ?

peritonitis

What area of the brain contains areas that initiates REM sleep ?

pons

Neurotransmitters are released from the __________ ?

presynaptic terminal

Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve.

radial

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in ?

red bone marrow

Suturing a large wound ..

reduces risks of infection and helps to heal faster

The plasma membrane ______

regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

After contraction has occurred, the calcium is ______

released from troponin

A buffer will ____

resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions

Muscles exhibit the property of excitability. This means that the muscle __________

responds to the stimulation by the nervous system

A pivot joint _______

restricts movement to rotation

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector...

reverses the original stimulus

What is the longest muscle in the body?

sartorius

When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the _____ nerve.

sciatic

A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n) ______

sensory or afferent neuron

A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has torn rotator cuff. He has injured his ______________

shoulder

What type of muscle is found attached to bones?

skeletal muscle

Cranial nerve function includes ?

somatic motor

The pleural cavity is the ______

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

Glycogen is the ______

storage carbohydrate in animals

The function of yellow marrow is to ?

store adipose tissue

During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?

subarachnoid space

Joints are classified according to the ______ ?

suture of the joint

The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of medications and toxins is what organelle ?

the Smooth ER

A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed the fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reading for objects. What part of the brain is likely damaged ?

the cerebellum

Dendrites

the input part of the neuron

The visceral pleura ia ____________

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

A herniated disc occurs when ?

there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the ?

withdrawal reflex

The nervous system ____

Monitors internal and external stimuli, transmits information in the form of action potentials, interprets or assesses information, and maintains homeostasis.

What organic groups does DNA belong to ?

Nucleic acid

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to what bone ?

Occipital

A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. What would NOT occur ?

Loss o use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm.

What skin changes is usually associated with aging?

Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin


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