Anatomy & Physiology Exam
The mesentery is __________
A double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall
What chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP ?
ATP + H20 -> ADP + P + energy
What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction ?
Acetylcholine
What is a component of a nucleotide ?
Adenine- a nitrogenous base
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is ?
Albinism
A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called ?
An all-or-none response
Ellipsoid joints ________
Are actually modified ball and socket joints
Harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. Where specifically is the problem area ?
Between his tooth socket and tooth
What is a posterior thigh muscle?
Biceps femoris
Dr. Jagasia informs a patient they have fractured the most anterior part of their vertebra. What part is most likely affected ?
Body
What arteries supply blood to the brain ?
Both the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries
Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. What bone is is affected ?
C1
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart ?
Cardiac muscle
What carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
Cardiovascular system
What type of bone is considered dense bone ?
Compact bone
Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from ?
Connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum
The presence of water in our bodies allows us to ____
Cool the body with sweat, maintain a fairly constant body temp., provide an environment for chemical reactions, and keep tissues moist and reduce friction
Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by ________
Decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is _______
Detection of heat and touch
Damage to the phrenic nerves would result in ?
Difficulty breathing
What is the end of a long bone ?
Epiphysis
Skeletal muscles __________
Extend from one bone to another bone
A baseball player was hit on the left side of his skull in the parotid aea. He cannot close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops. What cranial nerve was damaged ?
Facial
If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, what spinal nerves was probably damaged ?
Femoral
What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae ?
Fibrocartilage
A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the ?
Fibula
What is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous ?
Freckles
List the arrangement of components found in a third-class lever.
Fulcrum-pull-weight
What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue ?
Full-thickness
Adipose tissue _____
Functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage
What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body ?
Glenohumeral joint
Which thigh muscles adducts the thigh and flexes the knee ?
Gracilis
In the process of tissue repair, what event occurs last ?
Granulation tissue develops
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is ?
Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
A coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation this delicate bone this delicate bone is fractured. What bone is this ?
Hyoid
What represents a class I lever system ?
Hyperextension of the head
What does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints ?
Increased production of synovial fluids
Muscle tone
Is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time
What is a function of the vertebral column?
It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
What is associated with the medulla oblongata ?
It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter
The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is ?
Jaundice
Damage to what nerves would be most life-threatening ?
Phrenic nerves
Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain ?
Posterior Pelvic Region
Low levels of ____________ can have dire consequences on the functioning of neurons because of its role in membrane polarization.
Potassium ions
What is true during the resting membrane potential ?
Potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell
In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. What bones were severed ?
Radius and the ulna
DNA replication occurs during ?
S phase of interphase
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract ?
Smooth muscle
Anatomy students are viewing bone and identifying the sella turcica, pterygoid processes, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and the foramen rotundum. What bone are they studying ?
Sphenoid bone
What layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body ?
Stratum Lucidum
The term "shin splints" is applied ________
Stress fractures of the fibula 2 to 5 cm distal to the knee
What factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions ?
Temperature, concentration of reactants, presence of catalysts, and presence of enzymes.
What event occurs during the lag phase of a muscle twitch ?
The action potential is propagated from presynaptic membrane
The parietal pericardium is ____
The membrane that lines the pericardial sac
The parietal peritoneum is _________
The serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because ________
There are more leak ion channels or K+ than Na+
If a man exercises by doing push-ups every day, he would strengthen or enlarge which of the following muscles?
Triceps brachii
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide
What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?
Urinary system
Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla. To what group of bone does this belong ?
Viscerocranium
An isometric contraction is described as _______
a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant.
The oculomotor nerve
adjusts pupil size to the level of lighting.
Injury to the thalamus would ?
affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex
A biaxial joint has movement ________
around two axes at right angles to one another.
In humans ______
back muscles are strong to maintain erect posture
What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease ?
biopsy
By reducing body temperature during hot weather skin helps to maintain
body temperature homeostasis
The central nervous system includes the _________
brain and spinal cord
The primary mineral in bone is ?
calcium
An example of a saddle joint is the ___________
carpometacarpal joint
In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into ?
columns; gray matter into horns
Electrolytes are substances that _____
conduct electricity when dissolved in water
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it ___
consist of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them
The cerebral medulla
consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex.
Cartilage
contains chondrocytes located in lacunae
Spongy bone tissue
contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae
The peripheral nervous system includes the _______
cranial nerves
Rigor mortis occurs after death because
cross-bridges from but can't release
Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by the _______
deltoid
Gap junctions are functional _____________ synapses.
electrical
What is the site of long bone growth?
epiphyseal plate
By covering the whole body surface skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in ?
excretion
Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the the process of ?
exocytosis
All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a
gene
In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region of ____
higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
The corpus callosum
is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the let cerebral hemisphere
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis ___
is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not
The spinal cord
links the peripheral nervous system to the brain
A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution ...
loses water
In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator ?
metaphase
What is NOT a characteristic function of a cell ?
movement
An action potential
occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level
The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the _________
parietal peritoneum
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the ?
periosteum
The suffix "-itis"means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver ?
peritonitis
What area of the brain contains areas that initiates REM sleep ?
pons
Neurotransmitters are released from the __________ ?
presynaptic terminal
Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve.
radial
Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in ?
red bone marrow
Suturing a large wound ..
reduces risks of infection and helps to heal faster
The plasma membrane ______
regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
After contraction has occurred, the calcium is ______
released from troponin
A buffer will ____
resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions
Muscles exhibit the property of excitability. This means that the muscle __________
responds to the stimulation by the nervous system
A pivot joint _______
restricts movement to rotation
In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector...
reverses the original stimulus
What is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius
When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the _____ nerve.
sciatic
A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n) ______
sensory or afferent neuron
A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has torn rotator cuff. He has injured his ______________
shoulder
What type of muscle is found attached to bones?
skeletal muscle
Cranial nerve function includes ?
somatic motor
The pleural cavity is the ______
space located between the visceral and parietal pleura
Glycogen is the ______
storage carbohydrate in animals
The function of yellow marrow is to ?
store adipose tissue
During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?
subarachnoid space
Joints are classified according to the ______ ?
suture of the joint
The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of medications and toxins is what organelle ?
the Smooth ER
A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed the fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reading for objects. What part of the brain is likely damaged ?
the cerebellum
Dendrites
the input part of the neuron
The visceral pleura ia ____________
the serous membrane that covers the lungs
A herniated disc occurs when ?
there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the ?
withdrawal reflex
The nervous system ____
Monitors internal and external stimuli, transmits information in the form of action potentials, interprets or assesses information, and maintains homeostasis.
What organic groups does DNA belong to ?
Nucleic acid
A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to what bone ?
Occipital
A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. What would NOT occur ?
Loss o use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm.
What skin changes is usually associated with aging?
Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin
