Anatomy & Physiology Exam 6

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment2. Maintain pH homeostasis3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes4. Serve as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord5. Provide buoyancy of the brain

1,2,3,4,5

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon

Which brain vesicle gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct?

Mesencephalon

Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function?

Primary somatosensory area - sensations including proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain

Which statements describe proprioception? Select all that apply.

Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other.

Which cranial nerves innervate only one eye muscle? Select all that apply.

abducens (VI) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve

A patient exhibits weakness with a resisted shoulder shrug. Which nerve is likely damaged?

accessory

Free nerve endings are used to detect what?

all of the above

Special senses includes

all of the above

Brain waves during normal activity would appear as what?

alpha

A common type of disabling senile dementia that results in progressive loss of intellectual ability, is called

alzheimers

A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. These symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain?

amygdala

Which condition is characterized by a lack of memory for events occurring after the trauma or disease that caused the condition?

anterograde amnesia

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

beta waves

"Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain" describes which protective feature of the brain?

blood brain barrier

Frontal lobe damage left an individual unable to speak. What area was specifically damaged?

broca's area

Nonfluent aphasia would be presented due to a disruption in which area?

broca's area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech?

broca's area

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent?

coma

The descending pathway

consists of upper and lower motor neurons.

Which brainwaves are normal in awake infants and normal in sleeping adults?

delta waves

Which of the following are correct about tendon organs?

detect tension applied to a tendon

______ are sensory receptors that are sensitive to stimuli originating outside the body.

exteroreceptors

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?

facial

____ are composed of grey matter, while ______ are composed of white matter.

folia, arbor vitae

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____, and the longitudinal fissure separates the _____.

frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; cerebral hemispheres

Cranial Nerve IX is named ________ .

glossopharyngeal

Functional asymmetry of the brain is referred to as

hemispheric lateralization.

You ask a patient to protrude their tongue and you note that it curls towards one side. Which cranial nerve is likely damaged?

hypoglossal

First order neurons are

impulses from somatic receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Right shoulder pain can indicate an underlying issue with which organ/s

liver and gallbladder

Which are NOT one of the four major regions of the brain? Select all that apply.

mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Which is the most superior portion of the brainstem?

midbrain

Which proprioceptors are found in the muscle belly?

muscle spindles

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by

neurons in the cerebral cortex

____ would detect the sensation of a sharp object underfoot.

nociceptors

Which cranial nerve(s) has been affected is a patient exhibits dropping of one eyelid?

oculomotor (III) nerve

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?

oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

A patient shows no effect when a light shines in the right eye, but shining a light into the left eye causes both pupils (right and left) to constrict. This could be caused by a lesion on the ______ nerve.

optic

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using free nerve endings? (select all that apply)

pain, tickle, tempurature, itch

________ is the conscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.

perception

During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called _____, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes.

plasticity

Proprioceptors provide information about the body's

position

The primary somatosensory area is located in the _______ of the cerebral cortex

postcentral gyri

If an individual decided to perform a cartwheel, which area organizes the necessary motor functions?

premotor area

Slow pain is described as all the following except

pricking

Gymnasts being aware of their body position when they are in the air is

proprioception.

The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of

sensory neurons for those body areas

A disorder that affects the basal nuclei, such as Parkinson's Disease, would have what effect?

shaking of hands

Which disorder is characterized by a person's breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping?

sleep apnea

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep?

stage four

Which region of the brain is known as the "relay station" and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

thalamus

Which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

thalamus

Which is the largest cranial nerve with three branches?

trigeminal

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a stroke found in the cerebrum which results in permanent damage

true

The anterolateral ,spinothalamic, tract is the pathway for pain, temperature, itch, tickle, and posterior head.

true

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often described as a 'mini stroke', but it is reversible.

true

Damage to which cranial nerve may result in death?

vagus

Which cranial nerve is responsible for relaying sensory information from the viscera?

vagus

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity?

vagus

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the interpretation of language?

wernicke's area