Anatomy and Physiology II: Chapter 19
Blood type is identified primarily by - both the ABO and Rh blood groups. - the Kahn blood group. - the Rh blood group. - the ABO blood group. - the HB blood system.
both the ABO and Rh blood groups.
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the - monocytes. - eosinophils. - lymphocytes. - neutrophils. - platelets.
eosinophils
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the - plasma. - formed elements. - leukocytes. - antibodies. - clotting factors.
formed elements.
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she - makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. - has antibodies to B agglutinogens. - has B antigen on her RBCs. - can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. - can give blood to other people with Type A blood only.
has antibodies to B agglutinogens.
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is - immunoglobulin. - porphyrin. - fibrinogen. - hemoglobin. - albumin.
hemoglobin.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from - an arteriole. - a capillary. - the heart. - a superficial artery. - a superficial vein.
a superficial vein.
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are - transport proteins. - globulins. - lipoproteins. - albumins. - fibrinogens.
albumins
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in - increased sensitivity to vitamin K. - renal anemia. - pernicious anemia. - increased erythropoiesis. - decreased erythropoiesis.
increased erythropoiesis.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called - lymphoblasts. - normoblasts. - myeloblasts. - megakaryocytes. - erythroblasts.
megakaryocytes.
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free - phagocytic cells. - Eosinophils - Neutrophils - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Basophils
monocytes
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of - neutrophils. - basophils. - reticulocytes. - thrombocytes. - eosinophils.
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the - monocytes. - neutrophils. - eosinophils. - lymphocytes. - basophils.
neutrophils
Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? - basophils and eosinophils - neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes - lymphocytes and monocytes - lymphocytes - platelets
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the - spleen. - thymus. - heart. - red bone marrow. - lymph tissue.
red bone marrow.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the - yellow bone marrow. - spleen. - liver. - red bone marrow. - thymus.
red bone marrow.
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a - pH of 7.4. - temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. - built-in system for clotting. - red color from hemoglobin. - viscosity about the same as water.
viscosity about the same as water.
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called - extracellular fluid. - whole blood. - lymph. - packed blood. - serum.
whole blood.
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if - a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. - the diet is deficient in iron. - there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. - red blood cells bind too much oxygen. - hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when - blood flow to the kidney declines. - oxygen levels in the blood increase. coagulation begins. - blood pressure increases. - carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.
blood flow to the kidneys declines.
A hematocrit provides information on - clotting factors. - plasma composition. - formed elements abundance. - blood type. - sedimentation rate.
formed elements abundance.
The waste product bilirubin is produced from - iron found in hemoglobin molecules. - heme molecules plus iron. - globin chains of hemoglobin. - abnormal proteins found in red blood cells. - heme molecules lacking iron.
heme molecules lacking iron.
________ is responsible for the RBC's ability to transport oxygen and CO2. - Ferritin - Albumin - Fibrinogen - Hemoglobin - Transferrin
hemoglobin
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count? - lymphocytes - neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils - monocytes
neutrophils
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except - anemia. - as a consequence of hemorrhage. periods of fasting. - when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. - high altitude.
periods of fasting.
Granulocytes form in - yellow bone marrow. - the intestines. - red bone marrow. - the thymus. - the spleen.
red bone marrow
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of - calcium. - magnesium. - sodium. - iron. - copper.
iron.
Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? - 5.5 million RBC - 400,000 platelets - 10,000 WBC - 3.5 million RBC - 10,000 WBC and 5.5 million RBC taken together
3.5 million RBC
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? - 20 percent - 55 percent - 30 percent - 60 percent - 45 percent
45 percent
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. - 55; 92 - 92; 55 - 50; 50 - 45; 55 - 92; 7
55; 92
Which of the following is a function of the blood? - transport of nutrients and wastes - transport of gases - defense against toxins and - pathogens - transport of body heat - All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect - an increase in red blood cell production. - a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. - the release of erythropoietin. - a rise in hematocrit. - All of the answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. - anti-B - anti-D - anti-Rh - anti-A - anti-O
anti-B
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? - platelets - antibodies - RBCs - basophils - lymphocytes
antibodies
Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. - plasmin - colony-stimulating factors - bilirubin - erythropoietin - thrombopoietin
colony-stimulating factors
Eosinophils function in - destroying antibody-labeled antigens. - blood coagulation. - antibody production. - production of surface antigens for red blood cells. - production of heparin.
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. - erythrocytes - neutrophils - thrombocytes - macrophages - megakaryotes
erythrocytes
The process of red blood cell production is called - erythropenia. - hematopenia. - hemocytosis. - erythrocytosis. - erythropoiesis.
erythropoiesis.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone - angiotensin. - erythropoietin. - thymosin. - M-CSF. - renin.
erythropoietin.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called - colony-stimulating factors. - plasmin. - erythropoietin. - bilirubin. - thrombopoietin.
erythropoitin
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is - lipoprotein C. - fibrinogen. - metalloprotein D. - albumin alpha. - immunoglobulin A.
fibrinogen
The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is - albumin. - transferrin. - antibodies. - fibrinogen. - hemoglobin.
fibrinogen.
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the - specific gravity. - hematocrit. - packed volume. - differential cell count. - viscosity.
hematocrit
Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? - platelets — 280,000/µl - RBCs — 5.2 million/µl - hematocrit — 44 percent - hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml - leukocytes — 8600/µl
hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as - transferrin. - hemoglobin. - ferritin. - hemosiderin. - hemosiderin and ferritin.
hemosiderin and ferritin.
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? - metalloprotein - steroid-binding - hormone-binding - transport albumin - apolipoprotein
hormone-binding
A red blood cell that contains excessive amounts of hemoglobin would be called - macrocytic. - hyperchromic. - normochromic. - hypochromic. - normocytic.
hyperchromic
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be - isovolemic. - antivolemic. - hypovolemic. - normovolemic. - hypervolemic.
hypovelmic
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the - immunoglobulins. - albumins. - lipoproteins. - fibrinogens. - metalloproteins.
immunoglobins.
Proteins in the blood for defense are called - immunoglobulins. - ferritins. - albumins. - hemosiderins. - fibrinogens.
immunoglobulins.
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are - granular leukocytes. - active in fighting bacterial infections. - important in coagulation. - also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. - phagocytic.
important in coagulation.
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by - oral doses of iron. - blood transfusion. - oral doses of vitamin B12. - injections of vitamin B12. - injections of iron.
injections of vitamin B12.
Plasma is closest in composition to - interstitial fluid. - CSF. - sterile water. - urine. - isotonic saline solution.
interstitial fluid
Which of the following is not true of neutrophils? - can exit capillaries - less abundant than lymphocytes - attracted to complement-coated bacteria - can make hydrogen peroxide - can destroy bacteria
less abundant than lymphocytes
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? - kidney - liver - brain - pancreas - heart
liver
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the - neutrophils. - monocytes. - lymphocytes. - erythrocytes. - basophils.
lymphocytes
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? - metalloprotein - apolipoprotein - hormone-binding protein - transport albumin - steroid-binding protein
metalloprotein
If bile ducts are blocked, - more white blood cells are produced. - bilirubin appears in the saliva. - more bilirubin appears in the plasma. - more red blood cells are produced. - more hemolysis takes place.
more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? - mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative - mother type A+, baby type O+ - mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative - mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive - None of the answers is correct.
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
Fifty to seventy percent of circulating white blood cells are - neutrophils. - lymphocytes. - monocytes. - basophils. - eosinophils.
neutrophils
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are - leukocytes. - neutrophils. - basophils. - lymphocytes. - monocytes.
neutrophils
A person's blood type is determined by the - size of the RBCs. - volume of the RBCs. - presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. - shape of the RBCs. - chemical character of the hemoglobin.
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
The function of platelets is to assist in the - process called hemostasis. - destruction of bacteria. - transport of blood gases such as oxygen. - removal of worn out red blood cells. - immune response during an infection.
process called homeostasis
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of - glucose. - electrolytes. - nitrogen wastes. - water. - proteins.
proteins.
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is - excreted by the liver. - excreted by the kidneys. - stored in yellow bone marrow. - excreted by the intestines. - recycled to the red bone marrow.
recycled to the red bone marrow.
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in - red bone marrow. - yellow bone marrow. - the liver. - the spleen. - lymphoid tissue.
red bone marrow
Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? - vitamin B6 deficiency - vitamin K deficiency - lack of intrinsic factor - aplastic anemia - vitamin B12 deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? - translipin - albumin - hormone-binding protein - gamma globulin - steroid-binding protein
albumin
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? - are involved in cell mediated immunity - often elevated in allergic individuals - kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide - adhere to collagen beneath endothelium - produce antibodies in response to antigens
are involved in cell mediated immunity
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are - lymphocytes. - eosinophils. - monocytes. - neutrophils. - basophils.
basophils
The most abundant component of plasma is (are) - water. - nutrients. - proteins. - gases. - ions.
water.
You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be? - 3.8 L - 6.0 L - 5.6 L - 6.6 L - 4.8 L
3.8 L
The average life span of a red blood cell is - about 1 year. - 1 month. - many years. - 4 months. - 24 hours.
4 months
A typical adult hematocrit is - 45. - 25. - 65. - 85. - 75.
45.
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics? - RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies. - RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies. - RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies. - RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody. - RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. - Band cells - Myeloblasts - Reticulocytes - Erythroblasts - Normoblasts
Reticulocytes
Which of the following statements about blood is false? - Blood is about 55 percent plasma. - The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. - Blood contains buffers that control pH. - Blood is more viscous than water. - Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.
The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? - low blood volume - low hematocrit - during coagulation - an alcoholic with a damaged liver - iron-deficient diet
an alcoholic with a damaged liver
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from - capillaries. - the heart. - the lungs. - a vein. - an artery.
an artery.
The function of red blood cells is to - carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. - carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. - carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. - carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. - defend the body against infectious organisms.
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that - her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. - she has fewer red blood cells than normal. - her hemoglobin level is normal. - she is suffering from anemia. - she may be suffering from a form of leukemia.
her hemoglobin level is normal.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? - often elevated in allergic individuals - hormone that regulates white blood cell formation - helper cells are one type - adheres to collagen beneath endothelium - kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
hormone that regulates white blood cell formation
After blood is fractionated, - specimens can be sent to the labs for identification of bacteria, viruses, etc. - antibody and antigen can be added together to look for a reaction. - its components are separated for the purpose of analysis. - it can be transfused immediately into the recipient. - the percentage of each type of white blood cell can be determined.
its components are separated for the purpose of analysis.
Plasma extenders are used to - maintain the normal osmotic pressure of blood. - keep blood volume normal. - keep blood volume normal and maintain osmotic pressure. - maintain the normal blood pH. - carry oxygen to the tissues.
keep blood volume normal and maintain osmotic pressure.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause - pernicious anemia. - jaundice. - hemophilia. - leukocytosis. - thrombocytopenia.
pernicious anemia.
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? - platelets - reticulocytes - lymphocytes - neutrophils - fibrocytes
reticulocytes
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as - hemocytoblasts. - band forms. - proerythrocytes. - myeloid cells. - reticulocytes.
reticulocytes.
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the - digestive tract. - liver. - bone marrow. - spleen. - spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because - hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. - bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. - the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. - red blood cells are green when they leave circulation. - dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is - GM-CSF. - M-CSF. - G-CSF (Neupogen). - multi-CSF. - thymosin.
G-CSF (Neupogen).
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is - G-CSF. - thymosin. - GM-CSF. - M-CSF. - multi-CSF.
GM-CSF.
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. - Thrombocytopenia - Polycythemia - Leukemia - Leukopenia - Anemia
anemia
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called - vascularization. - areolation. - hemostasis. - coagulation. - agglutination.
agglutination
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. - agglutinins; agglutinogens - agglutinogens; agglutinins - T-cells; B-cells - serum; plasma - erythrogens; antibiotics
agglutinogens; agglutinins
The most abundant plasma protein is - transferrin. - fibrinogen. - antibodies. - hemoglobin. - albumin.
albumin
Which of the following is true of basophils? - granules contain histamine - granules contain heparin - attract other defense cells - constitute about 1 percent of WBCs - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
Which of the following is true of eosinophils? - They have bilobed nucleus. - Allergic patients have many. - Granules stain with eosin dyes. - They constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs. - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
An infected wound contains typically contains - tissue fluids. - pus. - dead neutrophils. - cellular debris. - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct.
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from - destruction of hemoglobin. - the recycling of hemoglobin. - extensive breakdown of RBCs. - excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. - All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct.
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the - proximal epiphyses of long bones. - body of vertebrae. - iliac crest. - sternum and ribs. - All of the answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct.
The condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced, owing to a low blood hemoglobin concentration, is called - leukopenia. - anemia. - leukocytosis. - thrombocytopenia. - polycythemia.
anemia