Anatomy
Flat bones include all of the following examples, EXCEPT __________.
Wrist Bones
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of cartilage is the
chondroblast
Perforating canals within compact bone __________.
connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the central canals
What is true of both the stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum?
mitosis occurs in both layers
Blood vessels to the diaphysis move through the
nutrient foramen.
Which of the following is not present in the central canals of osteons?
osteocytes
Which of the following statements is/are true of epiphyseal plates throughout bone growth?
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue on the diaphysis side as quickly as it grows, causing the epiphyseal plates to maintain a constant thickness.
Which statement is FALSE concerning the skin's role in protection?
Cells in the dermis produce pigments that protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Which layer of the integument contains the stratum basale?
Epidermis
Which primary layer of the skin contains lamellated granules that aid in waterproofing?
Epidermis
Which primary layer of the skin contains melanocytes?
Epidermis
Which component of bone tissue makes bone hart
Mineral Salts
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the
Osteoblast
Which bone cell type secretes hydrochloric acid?
Osteoclast
In the bone matrix, osteoblasts become
Osteocytes
Which term applies to a number of disorders in adults in which the bones are inadequately mineralized?
Osteomalacia
Which of these diseases is characterized by a pathological loss of bone density?
Osteoporosis
Compact bone of the skeleton is replaced about every __________ years.
Ten
What is the role of lamellated granules in the stratum granulosum?
They secrete a waterproofing glycolipid into the extracellular space that slows water loss across the epidermis.
What happens when someone gets a blister?
The dermis and epidermis are separated by a fluid-filled pocket.
Which statement about growth of long bones is false?
The diaphysis becomes progressively thinner as the bone lengthens.
The arrangement of the fibers and minerals in an osteon function to resist ________.
Torsion
Which letter indicates the region of a long bone that in an adult is filled with yellow bone marrow?
A
Skin is our largest organ, accounting for about __________ percent of total body weight.
7
Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells?
A
Which letter indicates the integument layer that has no vascularization?
A
The patient least likely to develop a bedsore would be which of the following?
A 10-year-old who has strep throat and a fever of 102 degrees.
hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage of a joint Costal Cartilage Cartilages in nose
Which letter indicates the circumferential lamellae?
B
Which letter indicates the region known as the epiphysis?
B
Which of the following statements about bones is true?
Bones grow thicker in response to the forces experienced during exercise.
Which letter indicates what is known, in a growing juvenile, as the epiphyseal plate?
C
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage in external ear
The only membrane bone that occurs inferior to the skull is the
Clavicle
The only bones formed by intramembranous ossification that are NOT in the skull are the __________.
Clavicles
Rickets most often results from a deficiency of vitamin
D
Which letter indicates a specialized sensory receptor that responds to deep pressure?
D
Which letter indicates the region of a long bone that in an adult is filled with yellow bone marrow?
D
When a blister forms due to friction, liquid pools between the epidermis and what other layer of the integument?
Dermis
When doctors make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin, these cleavage lines are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers in which layer of the skin?
Dermis
Which primary layer of the skin provides a pink undertone to Caucasian skin?
Dermis
A long bone that is fractured midshaft has damaged the
Diaphysis
Which letter indicates bone that is not arranged in osteons and is called spongy or trabecular bone?
E
Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation?
E
Which letter indicates the region of a long bone that contains the medullary cavity?
E
A long bone may be characterized by two diaphyses and one epiphysis.
False
By the time keratinocytes reach the stratum corneum, they are dead and filled with collagen.
False
Epiphyseal plates typically close at the time an infant learns to walk.
False
The type of cartilage that can withstand the strongest compression and tension forces is
Fibrocartilage
If a bone is thin, flattened, and somewhat curved, that bone is a(n) ________ bone.
Flat
The type of cartilage that forms the costal cartilages at the ends of the ribs is
Hyaline
What type of tissue is the embryonic precursor for long bones in the fetal skeleton
Hyaline
The arrangement of the fibers and minerals in an osteon function to resist ________.
Hyaline cartilage
Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator?
Hypodermis
Osteoblasts originate from what type of precursor cells?
Mesenchyme Cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of the hypodermis?
It is distributed differently in males and females.
Which of the following statements about a long bone is false?
It must be more than 5 inches in length.
What is the fate of melanin above the stratum basale in dark-skinned people?
It occupies keratinocytes throughout the epidermis.
Osteoblasts probably originate directly from
Mesenchyme cells
Which embryonic layer forms the dermal layer of the skin?
Mesoderm
If a bone located in a limb is longer than it is wide, that bone is a(n) ________ bone.
Long
Fibrocartilage
Pubic Symphysis Cartilage in intervertebral discs Meniscus
Most bone disorders are characterized by bone loss; which of these diseases is characterized by excessive bone deposition?
Paget's disease
Functions of bones include all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
Protein Storage
Mineral salts in bones __________.
Provide bone with the ability to resist compression
Which of these diseases is more prevalent in children, and was exceedingly common in the United States and other industrialized nations before vitamin D was added to milk?
Rickets
Bones in the wrists and ankles are
Short Bones
Examples of flat bones include the ribs, sternum, the bones of the head surrounding the brain case, and the scapula.
True
Membrane bones form directly from mesenchyme without being modeled in cartilage.
True
Osteocytes, residing within lacunae, are connected via canaliculi.
True
The bones of your hand and fingers would all be categorized as long bones
True
What is the importance of vitamin D synthesis in the epidermis?
Vitamin D is required for the uptake of calcium from the diet, and thus is important to healthy bones.
The benefits of weight-bearing exercise include stronger muscles
and stronger bones
What are two locations in the body where fibrocartilage is located
annulus fibrosis
In the repair of a simple fracture, the step that follows formation of a hematoma is
formation of fibrocartilaginous callus.
Which of the following is the correct progression in the healing of a skeletal fracture?
hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling
The type of cartilage that forms the long bones of the embryonic skeleton is
hyaline
Compression and tension exerted on bones is lowest __________.
in the medullary cavity
Repair of a simple fracture begins with
inflammation and hematoma formation.
An osteon is composed of
layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal.
Which factor will decrease the rate of bone resorption?
mechanical stress
Which cell shown here produces pigments responsible for skin color?
melanocyte
The universal loss of skeletal mass that begins after age 40
reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding Melanocytes? They __________.
respond to UV radiation by increasing production of melanin