Anatomy CH 1 + 2 vocabulary

Monoscaccharides

one sugar, simple sugar

nucleic acids

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

digestive system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

atoms

Building blocks of matter which combine to form molecules

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Triglycerides

neutral fats; protect and insulate organs, stored engergy, include two types of building blocks (fatty and glycerol)

cholestrerol

steroid molecule present in the plasma memebrains of animal cells

negative feedback system

system in which the response to stimulus is to shut off or reduce intensity

skeletal system

system of protection & support and including bone and cartilage

Superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

Polymers

chainlike molecule consists of many similar repeated unitys

fatty acids

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

ions

charged particles

sagittal section

divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts

transverse section

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Hydrophilic

water loving molecules

Disaccharide

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides linked, sucrose, maltose, lactose

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

organs

A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

steroids

A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.

organism

An individual living thing

salt

An ionic compound that dissociates from charged particles when added to water

Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface; more internal

proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

glycerol

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.

lymphatic system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.

urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

endocrine system

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

tissues

Groups of cells with a common structure and function.

molecules

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

electrons

Negatively charged particles

protons

Positively charged particles

dehydration synthesis

Process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water and covalently bonding smaller molecules together.

Hydrolysis

Process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles.

reproductive system

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)

muscular system

System consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bones

Nucleotide

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

medial

Toward the midline of the body; on the inner side

hydrogen bonds

Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule

Hydrophobic

Water fearing and do not interact with polar or charged molecules

homeostatic imbalance

a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease

organ systems

a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

a high-energy phosphate compound from which ATP is formed

inorganic compoud

a substance that does not contain carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds

lateral

away from the midline, on the outer side

intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

control center

determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

nervous system

fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

lipids

fats and oils

saturated fats

fatty acid chains with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

unsaturated fats

fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

plane

flat surface

coronal section

frontal plane, cuts body lengthwise into anterior and posterior plane

Deoxyribinucleic acid (DNA)

genetic material founds in cell nucleus

Carbohydrates

major source of energy for the body

Polysaccharides

many sugars linked together like starch and glycogen

trans fat

oils that have been solidified by addition of hydrogen atoms at sites of double carbon bonds like margarines

postive feedback system

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases

Carbohydrates

organic compounds with the general formula (CH2O)n, including sugars, starches, and celluloses, that are an important source of food and energy for animals.

Protein

organic molecular compound containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

omega-3 fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

effector

provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

monomers

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

Anatomy

study of structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another

metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

integumentary system

the external covering of the body, or the skin, hair & nails

physiology

the study of how the body and its parts work or function

neutrons

the particles of the nucleus that have no charge

Midsagittal

the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances changed, formed or broken down

cells

the smallest units of all living things

Anterior (ventral)

toward the front, in front of

superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

receptor

type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment