Anatomy CH 1 + 2 vocabulary
Monoscaccharides
one sugar, simple sugar
nucleic acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
digestive system
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
respiratory system
Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.
atoms
Building blocks of matter which combine to form molecules
anatomical position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Triglycerides
neutral fats; protect and insulate organs, stored engergy, include two types of building blocks (fatty and glycerol)
cholestrerol
steroid molecule present in the plasma memebrains of animal cells
negative feedback system
system in which the response to stimulus is to shut off or reduce intensity
skeletal system
system of protection & support and including bone and cartilage
Superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
Polymers
chainlike molecule consists of many similar repeated unitys
fatty acids
chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
ions
charged particles
sagittal section
divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts
transverse section
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Hydrophilic
water loving molecules
Disaccharide
A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides linked, sucrose, maltose, lactose
glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
organs
A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.
Electrolyte
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
steroids
A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
organism
An individual living thing
salt
An ionic compound that dissociates from charged particles when added to water
Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface; more internal
proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
glycerol
Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.
lymphatic system
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.
urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
tissues
Groups of cells with a common structure and function.
molecules
Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
electrons
Negatively charged particles
protons
Positively charged particles
dehydration synthesis
Process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water and covalently bonding smaller molecules together.
Hydrolysis
Process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles.
reproductive system
Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)
muscular system
System consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bones
Nucleotide
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
medial
Toward the midline of the body; on the inner side
hydrogen bonds
Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule
Hydrophobic
Water fearing and do not interact with polar or charged molecules
homeostatic imbalance
a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
organ systems
a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
a high-energy phosphate compound from which ATP is formed
inorganic compoud
a substance that does not contain carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds
lateral
away from the midline, on the outer side
intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
control center
determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
nervous system
fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
lipids
fats and oils
saturated fats
fatty acid chains with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
unsaturated fats
fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
plane
flat surface
coronal section
frontal plane, cuts body lengthwise into anterior and posterior plane
Deoxyribinucleic acid (DNA)
genetic material founds in cell nucleus
Carbohydrates
major source of energy for the body
Polysaccharides
many sugars linked together like starch and glycogen
trans fat
oils that have been solidified by addition of hydrogen atoms at sites of double carbon bonds like margarines
postive feedback system
operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases
Carbohydrates
organic compounds with the general formula (CH2O)n, including sugars, starches, and celluloses, that are an important source of food and energy for animals.
Protein
organic molecular compound containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon
omega-3 fatty acids
polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
effector
provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
monomers
small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
Anatomy
study of structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another
metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy
integumentary system
the external covering of the body, or the skin, hair & nails
physiology
the study of how the body and its parts work or function
neutrons
the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Midsagittal
the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
chemical reaction
the process by which one or more substances changed, formed or broken down
cells
the smallest units of all living things
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front, in front of
superior
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
receptor
type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment