Anatomy Ch. 12

Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions.

acetylcholine norepinephrine

Which of the following houses motor neurons? posterior root ganglion central canal of the spinal cord posterior root of spinal nerve anterior root of spinal nerve

anterior root of spinal nerve

Sympathetic nerves

are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity.

Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

autonomic ganglia, visceral effectors.

Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with ________.

breathing

The intrinsic eye muscles are the target organs of neurons from which parasympathetic ganglion?

ciliary ganglion

Which cranial nerves control eye movement?

cranial nerve III, IV, VI

Which of these is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

increases peristalsis within the stomach and small intestines

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

long; short

What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?

preganglionic

Nerves between the sympathetic chain ganglia and the collateral ganglia are called ________.

splanchnic nerves

As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake?

sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

thoracolumbar division

The parasympathetic division increases secretions from the salivary glands.

true

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the:

visceral motor division (or autonomic nervous system, ANS).

Which statement is true? The sympathetic division increases heart and gastrointestinal tract muscle contractions. The sympathetic division increases heart contractions but decreases gastrointestinal tract activity. The sympathetic division increases all visceral organ activity. The sympathetic division decreases all visceral organ activity.

The sympathetic division increases heart contractions but decreases gastrointestinal tract activity.

An elderly woman taking medication to lower her blood pressure will see effects on her entire sympathetic nervous system. What would happen if she is faced with an emergency?

She will be less able to regulate her blood pressure and make the necessary adjustments during the emergency.

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in

both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

There are 31 pairs of cranial nerves and 12 pairs of spinal nerves.

false

Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs?

gray rams

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system __________.

have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?

parasympathetic

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

sympathetic division

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine and the preganglionic axon releases acetylcholine.

true

The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division since the preganglionic neurons originate in the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.

true

The statement "it controls the diameter of the pupil" is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The statement "there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement?

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

During your visit to the eye doctor, your pupils are dilated so the ophthalmologist can better see the interior of your eye. The eye drops' active ingredient is atropine. Why would atropine be used to dilate your pupils (what does it do)?

Atropine is an antagonist to the parasympathetic nervous system. Giving atropine prevents pupil constriction.

Where are cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

Brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

Where are cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

Near the target cell

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

Which is a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

The location of PNS ganglia is typically intramural.

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve, belongs to the ________ nerve plexus.

sacral

Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles are part of the __________.

somatic motor division

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?

somatic nervous system

Which cranial nerve alone provides roughly 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow?

CN X