Anatomy Ch. 15

Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep?

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

The amygdaloid body, claustrum, and corpus striatum are all components of the non-cortical gray matter of the cerebrum collectively known as the

cerebral nuclei

Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere?

cerebral nuclei

The four major regions of the brain are the

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum

Corpus callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection tracts.

internal capsule

Which thalamic nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and mesencephalon?

lateral geniculate nuclei

Because of its major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the ____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality.

limbic system

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

Damage to one's ____________ would impair the somatic reflexes involved in eating.

mammillary bodies

Of the primary brain vesicles, the only one that does not subdivide during embryonic development is the

mesencephalon

What are the three regions of the brainstem?

mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata

Of the following, damage to Broca's area would most likely cause

nonfluent aphasia

Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following?

olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear

Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities?

premotor cortex

Which hypothalamic nucleus or region serves as the body's "thermostat"?

preoptic area

Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?

primary somatosensory cortex

The thalamus does all of the following except

receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose

All of the following refer to the same region of the mesencephalon except the

red nuclei and substantia nigra

Which cranial nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions?

III, VII, IX, and X

Which cranial nerve assists in monitoring O2 and CO2 levels in the blood?

IX

From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the

arachnoid villi

The twelve pairs of cranial nerves

arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon

The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons?

association, commissural, and projection tracts

The transverse fibers that connect the two parts of the metencephalon are the

cerebellar peduncles

Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the

cerebellum

Outside, the ____________ is covered with folia (literally, "leaves"); inside, it has a "tree" of white matter.

cerebellum

Components of the limbic system

A) conduct and process olfactory sensations B) collectively process and experience emotions C) are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory D) all of the above

The medulla oblongata contains

A) nuclei associated with five pairs of cranial nerves B) nuclei and tracts that relay sensory information to the thalamus C) several autonomic nuclei that regulate functions vital for life D) all of the above

Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions?

A) provides buoyancy for the brain B) cushions neural structures from sudden movements C) delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products D) all of the above

Which pair does not correctly match a cranial nerve with its primary functional category?

XII, general sensory

In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called

a dural venous sinus

The corpus striatum comprises all of the following except the

amygdaloid body

The word root ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means

an upper garment

Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle?

choroid plexus

The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations?

choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Until it was banned, visual subliminal advertising seemed like a tremendous tool for the motion picture industry: a photograph of a hot dog interspersed occasionally among the frames of the movie, passing too quickly to be noticed, and yet hot dog sales skyrocketed. Which cerebral nucleus likely played a part?

claustrum

Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called

commissural tracts

Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe?

contains the functionally important precentral gyrus

Parkinson disease results from ____________ and is generally ____________.

deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine; idiopathic

Endocrine organs housed within the cranium are all directly associated with which brain region?

diencephalon

Which is more dangerous, and why: a subdural or an epidural hemorrhage?

epidural, because a damaged artery produces a rapidly growing hematoma

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and several glands, and conducts gustatory impulses from the anterior part of the tongue?

facial

The largest of the cranial dural septa is the

falx cerebri

The mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the

flocculonodular lobes

The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the

fourth ventricle

Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect?

has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________, which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms.

hypothalamus

Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives?

hypothalamus

Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon.

inferior colliculi

Which two parts of the brain most directly control normal breathing?

pons and medulla oblongata

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp?

trigeminal

Which cranial nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions?

vagus

The ____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing.

vestibulocochlear

The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means

wandering