Anatomy Ch. 15
Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep?
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
The amygdaloid body, claustrum, and corpus striatum are all components of the non-cortical gray matter of the cerebrum collectively known as the
cerebral nuclei
Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere?
cerebral nuclei
The four major regions of the brain are the
cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
Corpus callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection tracts.
internal capsule
Which thalamic nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and mesencephalon?
lateral geniculate nuclei
Because of its major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the ____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality.
limbic system
The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure
Damage to one's ____________ would impair the somatic reflexes involved in eating.
mammillary bodies
Of the primary brain vesicles, the only one that does not subdivide during embryonic development is the
mesencephalon
What are the three regions of the brainstem?
mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
Of the following, damage to Broca's area would most likely cause
nonfluent aphasia
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following?
olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear
Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities?
premotor cortex
Which hypothalamic nucleus or region serves as the body's "thermostat"?
preoptic area
Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?
primary somatosensory cortex
The thalamus does all of the following except
receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose
All of the following refer to the same region of the mesencephalon except the
red nuclei and substantia nigra
Which cranial nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions?
III, VII, IX, and X
Which cranial nerve assists in monitoring O2 and CO2 levels in the blood?
IX
From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the
arachnoid villi
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves
arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon
The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons?
association, commissural, and projection tracts
The transverse fibers that connect the two parts of the metencephalon are the
cerebellar peduncles
Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the
cerebellum
Outside, the ____________ is covered with folia (literally, "leaves"); inside, it has a "tree" of white matter.
cerebellum
Components of the limbic system
A) conduct and process olfactory sensations B) collectively process and experience emotions C) are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory D) all of the above
The medulla oblongata contains
A) nuclei associated with five pairs of cranial nerves B) nuclei and tracts that relay sensory information to the thalamus C) several autonomic nuclei that regulate functions vital for life D) all of the above
Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions?
A) provides buoyancy for the brain B) cushions neural structures from sudden movements C) delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products D) all of the above
Which pair does not correctly match a cranial nerve with its primary functional category?
XII, general sensory
In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called
a dural venous sinus
The corpus striatum comprises all of the following except the
amygdaloid body
The word root ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means
an upper garment
Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle?
choroid plexus
The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations?
choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
Until it was banned, visual subliminal advertising seemed like a tremendous tool for the motion picture industry: a photograph of a hot dog interspersed occasionally among the frames of the movie, passing too quickly to be noticed, and yet hot dog sales skyrocketed. Which cerebral nucleus likely played a part?
claustrum
Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called
commissural tracts
Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe?
contains the functionally important precentral gyrus
Parkinson disease results from ____________ and is generally ____________.
deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine; idiopathic
Endocrine organs housed within the cranium are all directly associated with which brain region?
diencephalon
Which is more dangerous, and why: a subdural or an epidural hemorrhage?
epidural, because a damaged artery produces a rapidly growing hematoma
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and several glands, and conducts gustatory impulses from the anterior part of the tongue?
facial
The largest of the cranial dural septa is the
falx cerebri
The mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the
flocculonodular lobes
The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the
fourth ventricle
Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect?
has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________, which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms.
hypothalamus
Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives?
hypothalamus
Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon.
inferior colliculi
Which two parts of the brain most directly control normal breathing?
pons and medulla oblongata
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp?
trigeminal
Which cranial nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions?
vagus
The ____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing.
vestibulocochlear
The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means
wandering