Anatomy: Ch. 17 Digestive System
What are functions of the liver?
-Detoxification of blood including the breakdown of alcohol -Regulation of blood sugar levels -Conversion of ammonia to urea -Production of cholesterol -Production of blood proteins -Production of bile
What are the functions of the tongue?
-Repositioning and mixing food during chewing -Formation of the bolus -Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste
What are the functions of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates
1. Breaks down glycogen to glucose 2. Polymerizes glucose to glycogen 3. Converts carbohydrates to glucose.
What are the functions of the stomach?
Absorbs small amounts of nutrients, mixes food with gastric juice, starts the digestion of protein
The distal end of the digestive tract that opens to the outside is called the
Anus
The liquid that is created and secreted by the liver to help with lipid digestion is
Bile
The alimentary canal and accessory organs are part of the
Digestive system
What are functions of the oral cavity?
Ingestion mastification, chemical digestion
What digestive organ found in the abdominal cavity, runs up the right side, across the top and down the left side of the abdominal cavity, before entering the pelvic cscityy
Large intestine
The descending colon is found between the
Left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon
Mechanically breaking food down into smaller pieces by the mouth is called
Mastication
What are functions of motor movements in the alimentary canal?
Mix the contents with fluids Move the contents along the tract
What are some roles of the liver in the metabolism of lipids?
Synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol Oxidizes fatty acids
Which part of the tooth is the root?
The part of the tooth below the gumline
The blind tube at the end of the Cecum, filled with lymphocytes and immune cells is the
appendix
beginning of large intestine is a blind pouch, inferior to the ileocecal valve known as the
cecum
What are three phases of gastric activity
cephalic, gastric, intestinal
What are the effects of sympathetic impulses on the digestive system?
decreases secretions and peristalsis
The process of breaking down foods, either mechanically or chemically, and then absorbing them is called
digestion
What are functions of the small intestine?
digestion and absorption
What two structures carry food from the mouth to the stomach, but do not digest food?
esophagus and pharynx
The storage and concentration of bile between meals is the function of the
gallbladder
What are the effects of parasympathetic impulses on the digestive system?
increases motility, increases secretions
the second segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum
List four components of gastric juice
lipase, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, mucus
In a tube such as the digestive tract the hollow internal passageway is called the?
lumen
What is secreted by the large intestine?
mucus
The nasopharynx is found just posterior to the
nasal cavity
The three parts of the pharynx are the
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone is the
oropharynx
What are three major salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Where is the pancreas located?
posterior to the stomach
What are the four lobes of the liver?
right, left, caudate, quadrate
The substance that functions to moisten the mouth, clean the teeth, inhibit bacterial growth and aid in swallowing by moistening food is called
saliva
What is a tubular organ that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestine?
small intestine
What organ absorbs nutrients?
small intestine
Name the J-shaped, pouch-like organ that hangs inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity.
stomach
The organ that starts the digestion of proteins is the ___________.
stomach
The hardest structures in the mouth that are not part of the skeletal system are called
teeth
After intestinal contents leave the ascending colon, it pass into what part of the intestinal tract?
transverse colon
What is absorbed in the large intestine?
water and electrolytes