Anatomy: Ch. 17 Digestive System

What are functions of the liver?

-Detoxification of blood including the breakdown of alcohol -Regulation of blood sugar levels -Conversion of ammonia to urea -Production of cholesterol -Production of blood proteins -Production of bile

What are the functions of the tongue?

-Repositioning and mixing food during chewing -Formation of the bolus -Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste

What are the functions of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates

1. Breaks down glycogen to glucose 2. Polymerizes glucose to glycogen 3. Converts carbohydrates to glucose.

What are the functions of the stomach?

Absorbs small amounts of nutrients, mixes food with gastric juice, starts the digestion of protein

The distal end of the digestive tract that opens to the outside is called the

Anus

The liquid that is created and secreted by the liver to help with lipid digestion is

Bile

The alimentary canal and accessory organs are part of the

Digestive system

What are functions of the oral cavity?

Ingestion mastification, chemical digestion

What digestive organ found in the abdominal cavity, runs up the right side, across the top and down the left side of the abdominal cavity, before entering the pelvic cscityy

Large intestine

The descending colon is found between the

Left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon

Mechanically breaking food down into smaller pieces by the mouth is called

Mastication

What are functions of motor movements in the alimentary canal?

Mix the contents with fluids Move the contents along the tract

What are some roles of the liver in the metabolism of lipids?

Synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol Oxidizes fatty acids

Which part of the tooth is the root?

The part of the tooth below the gumline

The blind tube at the end of the Cecum, filled with lymphocytes and immune cells is the

appendix

beginning of large intestine is a blind pouch, inferior to the ileocecal valve known as the

cecum

What are three phases of gastric activity

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

What are the effects of sympathetic impulses on the digestive system?

decreases secretions and peristalsis

The process of breaking down foods, either mechanically or chemically, and then absorbing them is called

digestion

What are functions of the small intestine?

digestion and absorption

What two structures carry food from the mouth to the stomach, but do not digest food?

esophagus and pharynx

The storage and concentration of bile between meals is the function of the

gallbladder

What are the effects of parasympathetic impulses on the digestive system?

increases motility, increases secretions

the second segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

List four components of gastric juice

lipase, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, mucus

In a tube such as the digestive tract the hollow internal passageway is called the?

lumen

What is secreted by the large intestine?

mucus

The nasopharynx is found just posterior to the

nasal cavity

The three parts of the pharynx are the

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone is the

oropharynx

What are three major salivary glands?

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Where is the pancreas located?

posterior to the stomach

What are the four lobes of the liver?

right, left, caudate, quadrate

The substance that functions to moisten the mouth, clean the teeth, inhibit bacterial growth and aid in swallowing by moistening food is called

saliva

What is a tubular organ that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestine?

small intestine

What organ absorbs nutrients?

small intestine

Name the J-shaped, pouch-like organ that hangs inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity.

stomach

The organ that starts the digestion of proteins is the ___________.

stomach

The hardest structures in the mouth that are not part of the skeletal system are called

teeth

After intestinal contents leave the ascending colon, it pass into what part of the intestinal tract?

transverse colon

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

water and electrolytes