anatomy ch 3
pinocytosis
cell drinking (cellular fluids
phagocytosis
cell eating (degrading and breaking down)
Interphase
cell grows, carries on metabolic functions
cell division
cell reproduces itself
anaphase 3
centromere splits, chromatids move apart
what factors determine if the molecules will move by diffusion
-small enough in size -lipid-soluble -assisted by a membrane carrier
what is the sodium to potassium ratio
3:2
mRNA
A-U, C-G, T-A
prophase 1
Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs.
protein synthesis
Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA
what does the phosopholipid bilayer do?
It lets substances come into the cell
dense fibrous locations
Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone), dermis (lower layers of skin)
hyaline cartilage locations
Trachea Attaches ribs to the breastbone Covers ends of long bones Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth Epiphyseal (growth) plates in long bones
pseudostratified columnar function
absorption, secretion
translation
base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence; amino acids are building blocks of proteins
where are epithelial tissues found
body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue
order of connectie tissue to most rigid to softest
bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, and blood
matrix of the bone
calcium and collagen fibers
metaphase 2
chromosomes align in the center of the cell
telophase 4
chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin, spindles disappear, nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin, nucleoli appear
areolar connective matrix
collagen and elastic fibers
dense fibrous matrix
collagen fibers
fibrocartilage matrix
collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage matrix
collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage living cell
condrocyte
fibrocartilage living cell
condrocytes
exocytosis
contents of a vesicle are emptied to the outside; mechanism cells use to actively secrete hormones, mucus, and other products
muscle tissue funtions
contract, produce movement
what is the function of the epithelial tissues
cover and line free surfaces; protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion
Guanine (G) goes with
cytosine (C)
simple squamous function
diffusion, filtration, or secretion
cytoinesis
division of the cytoplasm; cleavage furrow
mitosis
division of the nucleus (two daughter cells)
areolar connective living cell
fibroblast nuclei
fibrocartilage location
intervertebral discs
smooth muscle characteristics
involuntary, not striated, one nucleus, spindle-shaped cells
cardiac muscle characteristics
involuntary, striated, one nucleus, short, branching cells
what happens when the vesicle detaches fromt the plasma membrane
it moves into the cell and fuses with a lysosome
simple cuboidal location
kidney tubules, glands, ducts, surface of ovaries
which organ needs filtration in order to work properly
kidneys
simple columnar location
lines digestive tract
stratified squamous location
lining of the skin, mouth, and esophagus
transitional location
lining of urinary system organs
reticular locations
lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
simple squamous epithelium location
membranes; lines air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries
receptor-mediated endocytosis
method for taking up specific target molecules (cell taking in a hormone)
diffusion
molecule movement (caused by kinetic energy) is from a high to low concentration gradient
sodium-potassium pump
necessary for nerve impulses; sodium goes out and potassium goes into the cell; (low to high)
adipose connective living cell
nuclei of fat cells
dense fibrous living cell
nuclei of fibroblast
how do you classify epithelial tissue
number of cell layers and the cell shape
living cell of the bone
osteocytes
is diffusion active or passive
passive
what are the types of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
vesicle
piched off plasma membrane
blood matrix
plasma
Is water polar or non-polar?
polar
simple columnar ciliated function
propel mucus or reproductive cells
simple cuboidal ciliated function
propel mucus or reproductive cells
what are the functions of the connective tissue
protecting, supporting, and binding
stratified squamous function
protective covering where friction is common
blood living cell
red and white blood cells
pseudostratified columnar location
respiratory tract, trahea
reticular matrix
reticular fibers
simple columnar function
secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal function
secretion, absorption
covalent bonds
sharing of electrons
osmosis
simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (passive)
what affects the speed diffusion
size of the molecule and the temperature
transitional function
stretching and the ability to return to normal shape
passive process
substances are transported across the membrane without any input from the cell
active process
the cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) to drive the transport process
transcription
the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an mRNA molecule
adenine (A) goes with
thymine (T)
nervous muscle functions
to revive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts
facilitated diffusion
transports lipid-insoluble and large substances; glucose is transported (passive)
simple diffusion
unassisted process, solutes are lipid-soluble or small enough to pass through membrane pores (high to low)
adipose connective matrix
vacuole containing fat droplet
Endocytosis
vesicle detaches from the plasma membrane and moves into the cell
skeletal muscle characteristics
voluntarily ,striated, multinucleate, long, cylindrical
filtration
water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure; (high to low)
reticular living cell
white blood cells
