anatomy ch 3

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pinocytosis

cell drinking (cellular fluids

phagocytosis

cell eating (degrading and breaking down)

Interphase

cell grows, carries on metabolic functions

cell division

cell reproduces itself

anaphase 3

centromere splits, chromatids move apart

what factors determine if the molecules will move by diffusion

-small enough in size -lipid-soluble -assisted by a membrane carrier

what is the sodium to potassium ratio

3:2

mRNA

A-U, C-G, T-A

prophase 1

Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs.

protein synthesis

Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA

what does the phosopholipid bilayer do?

It lets substances come into the cell

dense fibrous locations

Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone), dermis (lower layers of skin)

hyaline cartilage locations

Trachea Attaches ribs to the breastbone Covers ends of long bones Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth Epiphyseal (growth) plates in long bones

pseudostratified columnar function

absorption, secretion

translation

base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence; amino acids are building blocks of proteins

where are epithelial tissues found

body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue

order of connectie tissue to most rigid to softest

bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, and blood

matrix of the bone

calcium and collagen fibers

metaphase 2

chromosomes align in the center of the cell

telophase 4

chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin, spindles disappear, nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin, nucleoli appear

areolar connective matrix

collagen and elastic fibers

dense fibrous matrix

collagen fibers

fibrocartilage matrix

collagen fibers

hyaline cartilage matrix

collagen fibers

hyaline cartilage living cell

condrocyte

fibrocartilage living cell

condrocytes

exocytosis

contents of a vesicle are emptied to the outside; mechanism cells use to actively secrete hormones, mucus, and other products

muscle tissue funtions

contract, produce movement

what is the function of the epithelial tissues

cover and line free surfaces; protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion

Guanine (G) goes with

cytosine (C)

simple squamous function

diffusion, filtration, or secretion

cytoinesis

division of the cytoplasm; cleavage furrow

mitosis

division of the nucleus (two daughter cells)

areolar connective living cell

fibroblast nuclei

fibrocartilage location

intervertebral discs

smooth muscle characteristics

involuntary, not striated, one nucleus, spindle-shaped cells

cardiac muscle characteristics

involuntary, striated, one nucleus, short, branching cells

what happens when the vesicle detaches fromt the plasma membrane

it moves into the cell and fuses with a lysosome

simple cuboidal location

kidney tubules, glands, ducts, surface of ovaries

which organ needs filtration in order to work properly

kidneys

simple columnar location

lines digestive tract

stratified squamous location

lining of the skin, mouth, and esophagus

transitional location

lining of urinary system organs

reticular locations

lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

simple squamous epithelium location

membranes; lines air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries

receptor-mediated endocytosis

method for taking up specific target molecules (cell taking in a hormone)

diffusion

molecule movement (caused by kinetic energy) is from a high to low concentration gradient

sodium-potassium pump

necessary for nerve impulses; sodium goes out and potassium goes into the cell; (low to high)

adipose connective living cell

nuclei of fat cells

dense fibrous living cell

nuclei of fibroblast

how do you classify epithelial tissue

number of cell layers and the cell shape

living cell of the bone

osteocytes

is diffusion active or passive

passive

what are the types of endocytosis

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

vesicle

piched off plasma membrane

blood matrix

plasma

Is water polar or non-polar?

polar

simple columnar ciliated function

propel mucus or reproductive cells

simple cuboidal ciliated function

propel mucus or reproductive cells

what are the functions of the connective tissue

protecting, supporting, and binding

stratified squamous function

protective covering where friction is common

blood living cell

red and white blood cells

pseudostratified columnar location

respiratory tract, trahea

reticular matrix

reticular fibers

simple columnar function

secretion and absorption

simple cuboidal function

secretion, absorption

covalent bonds

sharing of electrons

osmosis

simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (passive)

what affects the speed diffusion

size of the molecule and the temperature

transitional function

stretching and the ability to return to normal shape

passive process

substances are transported across the membrane without any input from the cell

active process

the cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) to drive the transport process

transcription

the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an mRNA molecule

adenine (A) goes with

thymine (T)

nervous muscle functions

to revive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts

facilitated diffusion

transports lipid-insoluble and large substances; glucose is transported (passive)

simple diffusion

unassisted process, solutes are lipid-soluble or small enough to pass through membrane pores (high to low)

adipose connective matrix

vacuole containing fat droplet

Endocytosis

vesicle detaches from the plasma membrane and moves into the cell

skeletal muscle characteristics

voluntarily ,striated, multinucleate, long, cylindrical

filtration

water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure; (high to low)

reticular living cell

white blood cells


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