Anatomy Chapter 11 Autonomic Nervous System

Thoracolumbar division

AKA sympathetic division; One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral grey columns of the thoracic segment and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with process involving the expenditure of energy

ID the neurotransmitter of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division

Acetylcholine

Autonomic ganglion

Any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs

What are the effects of the parasympathetic stimulation (SLUDD)?

Decrease -HR, airway diameter, pupil diameter

Which cranial nerves are considered parasympathetic?

III, VII, IX, and X

Which portion of the brain controls autonomic activity? Which effectors only receive sympathetic activity?

Medulla Oblongata Sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, spleen, blood vessels, and adrenal medulla

ID the neurotransmitter of preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division

Noradrenaline

Parasympathetic division

One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in nuclei in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horn of the sacral portion of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with activities that conserve and restore body engergy

Sympathetic division

One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral grey columns of the thoracic segment and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with process involving the expenditure of energy

Which endocrine gland is directly innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons? What hormones does it release in response? What is the effect of that release?

Pituitary. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) and Oxytocin

Autonomic motor neuron

Regulates ongoing activities in their effector tissues, which are cardiac muscles, smooth muscle and glands, by both excitation and inhibition

Distinguish the Somatic nervous system from the autonomic motor systems

SNS is the portion of the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic sensory (afferent) neurons and somatic contraction motor (efferent) neurons Autonomic motor systems is the visceral sensory (afferent) and visceral motor (efferent) neurons. Autonomic motor neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. So named because this part of the nervous system was thought to be self governing or spontaneous. Autonomic sensory system is

How many neurons are involved in a somatic motor pathway? An autonomic motor pathway?

Somatic: 1 Autonomic: 2

What regions of the body are served by the sympathetic trunk ganglia? The prevertebral ganglia?

Spinal cord. Diaphragm

Dual innervation

The concept by which most organs of the body receives impulses from sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

What is the flight or fight response? What are the sympathetic responses to flight or fight syndrome?

The effects produced on stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. The pupils of the eyes dilate, heart rate, force of heart contraction and blood pressure increase, the airways dilate, slows urine formation and digestive activities, allows blood flow to areas, liver breaks down glycogen to glucose.

Preganglionic neuron

The first autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, with its cell body and dendrites in the brain or spinal cord and its myelinated axon ending at an autonomic ganglion, where it synapse with a postganglionic neuron

Postganglionic neuron

The second autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, having its cell body and dendrites located in an autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon ending at cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or a gland

Autonomic sensory neuron

These neurons are associated with sensory receptors that monitor internal conditions, such as blood, carbon dioxide level or the degree of stretching in the walls of internal organs or blood vessels.