Anatomy Chapter 11 Autonomic Nervous System
Thoracolumbar division
AKA sympathetic division; One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral grey columns of the thoracic segment and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with process involving the expenditure of energy
ID the neurotransmitter of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division
Acetylcholine
Autonomic ganglion
Any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs
What are the effects of the parasympathetic stimulation (SLUDD)?
Decrease -HR, airway diameter, pupil diameter
Which cranial nerves are considered parasympathetic?
III, VII, IX, and X
Which portion of the brain controls autonomic activity? Which effectors only receive sympathetic activity?
Medulla Oblongata Sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, spleen, blood vessels, and adrenal medulla
ID the neurotransmitter of preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division
Noradrenaline
Parasympathetic division
One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in nuclei in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horn of the sacral portion of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with activities that conserve and restore body engergy
Sympathetic division
One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral grey columns of the thoracic segment and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with process involving the expenditure of energy
Which endocrine gland is directly innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons? What hormones does it release in response? What is the effect of that release?
Pituitary. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) and Oxytocin
Autonomic motor neuron
Regulates ongoing activities in their effector tissues, which are cardiac muscles, smooth muscle and glands, by both excitation and inhibition
Distinguish the Somatic nervous system from the autonomic motor systems
SNS is the portion of the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic sensory (afferent) neurons and somatic contraction motor (efferent) neurons Autonomic motor systems is the visceral sensory (afferent) and visceral motor (efferent) neurons. Autonomic motor neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. So named because this part of the nervous system was thought to be self governing or spontaneous. Autonomic sensory system is
How many neurons are involved in a somatic motor pathway? An autonomic motor pathway?
Somatic: 1 Autonomic: 2
What regions of the body are served by the sympathetic trunk ganglia? The prevertebral ganglia?
Spinal cord. Diaphragm
Dual innervation
The concept by which most organs of the body receives impulses from sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
What is the flight or fight response? What are the sympathetic responses to flight or fight syndrome?
The effects produced on stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. The pupils of the eyes dilate, heart rate, force of heart contraction and blood pressure increase, the airways dilate, slows urine formation and digestive activities, allows blood flow to areas, liver breaks down glycogen to glucose.
Preganglionic neuron
The first autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, with its cell body and dendrites in the brain or spinal cord and its myelinated axon ending at an autonomic ganglion, where it synapse with a postganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron
The second autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, having its cell body and dendrites located in an autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon ending at cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or a gland
Autonomic sensory neuron
These neurons are associated with sensory receptors that monitor internal conditions, such as blood, carbon dioxide level or the degree of stretching in the walls of internal organs or blood vessels.