Anatomy chapter 16

Through which cranial nerves does gustatory information travel?

- CN VII - CN IX

Which of the following are true of rods?

- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light

Which events occur during bright light adaption?

- cones gradually adjust - rods become inactive - pupils constrict

Which are true of the conjunctiva?

- it is vascular - it does not cover the cornea - it contains goblet cells

Which of the following are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

- olfactory cells - basal cells - supporting cells

The cochlea has three fluid filled ducts. What are the names of these ducts?

-cochlear duct -scala tympani -scala vestibuli

Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep

1) choroid 2) photoreceptors 3) horizontal cells 4) bipolar cells

Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them

1) lacrimal puncta 2) lacrimal canaliculus 3) lacrimal sac 4) nasolacrimal duct

Place the structure of CN II in order from anterior to posterior

1) optic nerve 2) optic chiasm 3) optic tract

each eye has _________ lacrimal puncta

2

gustatory cells have a ______ lifespan

7-10 day

What are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Auditory tube, Pharyngotympanic tube, Eustachian Tube

What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?

Cataracts

Types of papillae?

Foliate, Filiform, Fungiform, and Vallate

Macular degeneration occurs when the ________ degenerates

Macula Lutea

We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger

Olfaction

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

Outer pigmented layer of the retina and the inner neural layer of the retina

What is true of the olfactory hairs?

They are immobile and they are unmyelinated

hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve

VIII

A vitreous body is also called the ____________

Vitreous humor

once olfactory receptors are stimulated, which of the different regions of the brain are stimulated

amygdala, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex

fluid found in anterior cavity?

aqueous humor

olfactory glands are also known as

bowman glands

gustatory cells are

chemoreceptors

what structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

choroid

the snail shaped structure:

cochlea

When light hits the eye, the pupil _______ in bright light, or _______ in dim light.

constricts, dilates

part of the fibrous tunic?

cornea and sclera

optic disc is associated with

cranial nerve II

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called ________ ________

dark adaptation

Free nerve endings are terminal branches of ________

dendrites

the auricle has _____ cartilage that supports its strucure

elastic

layers of eye from superficial to deep

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina

taste buds are made of:

gustatory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells

each macula of the utricle and saccule is composed of

hair cells and supporting cells

Which of the following are functions of the inner ear?

hearing and equilibrium (balance)

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects and drains ________________ fluid

lacrimal

what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration

lamellated corpuscles

Optic tracts extend to which of the following when they leave the optic chiasm?

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi

Which structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

lens

The lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial prevention because it contains the antibacterial enzyme called _______________

lysozyme

tactical receptors are a type of

mechanoreceptor

Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cell called ________ cell

neuroepithelial

emmetrophia: hyperopia: myopia:

normal vision farsightedness nearsightedness

What is the fat surrounding the eye called?

orbital fat

the portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of eyelid

palpebral conjunctiva

The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commisures or ________

palpebral, canthi

eyelids are also called

palprae

the sclera

provides for eye shape, is made of dense connective tissue

Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ________ hair plexus

root

The lens is _______ when we are viewing close up objects

round

When a figure skater does a lengthy spin on ice, it is the sensory receptors in her _________ _________ of the inner ear that are informing her brain about the position of her moving head

semicircular ducts

in hyperopia, the eyeball is too _______, and in myopia the eyeball is too _______

short, long

Which of the following are muscles located in the middle ear?

stapedius and tensor tympani

The _______ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens Suspensory

suspensory

basic taste sensatons

sweet, spicy, umami

What type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, and textures?

tactile corpuscles

Tactile cells are associated with ________ ________

tactile discs

Gustation is the sense of ________

taste

function of the auditory ossicles

transmit sound waves to inner ear and amplify sound

which are true of the cornea?

transparent and avascular

Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus

true

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the ______ most commonly called the __________

tympanic membrane, eardrum

Which of the following structures are a part of the vestibular complex?

utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts

The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the _________ membrane

vestibular

In the eye, the ________ humor is gelatinous

vitreous