Anatomy chapter 16
Through which cranial nerves does gustatory information travel?
- CN VII - CN IX
Which of the following are true of rods?
- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light
Which events occur during bright light adaption?
- cones gradually adjust - rods become inactive - pupils constrict
Which are true of the conjunctiva?
- it is vascular - it does not cover the cornea - it contains goblet cells
Which of the following are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?
- olfactory cells - basal cells - supporting cells
The cochlea has three fluid filled ducts. What are the names of these ducts?
-cochlear duct -scala tympani -scala vestibuli
Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep
1) choroid 2) photoreceptors 3) horizontal cells 4) bipolar cells
Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them
1) lacrimal puncta 2) lacrimal canaliculus 3) lacrimal sac 4) nasolacrimal duct
Place the structure of CN II in order from anterior to posterior
1) optic nerve 2) optic chiasm 3) optic tract
each eye has _________ lacrimal puncta
2
gustatory cells have a ______ lifespan
7-10 day
What are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
Auditory tube, Pharyngotympanic tube, Eustachian Tube
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?
Cataracts
Types of papillae?
Foliate, Filiform, Fungiform, and Vallate
Macular degeneration occurs when the ________ degenerates
Macula Lutea
We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger
Olfaction
A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?
Outer pigmented layer of the retina and the inner neural layer of the retina
What is true of the olfactory hairs?
They are immobile and they are unmyelinated
hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve
VIII
A vitreous body is also called the ____________
Vitreous humor
once olfactory receptors are stimulated, which of the different regions of the brain are stimulated
amygdala, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex
fluid found in anterior cavity?
aqueous humor
olfactory glands are also known as
bowman glands
gustatory cells are
chemoreceptors
what structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
choroid
the snail shaped structure:
cochlea
When light hits the eye, the pupil _______ in bright light, or _______ in dim light.
constricts, dilates
part of the fibrous tunic?
cornea and sclera
optic disc is associated with
cranial nerve II
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called ________ ________
dark adaptation
Free nerve endings are terminal branches of ________
dendrites
the auricle has _____ cartilage that supports its strucure
elastic
layers of eye from superficial to deep
fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, retina
taste buds are made of:
gustatory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
each macula of the utricle and saccule is composed of
hair cells and supporting cells
Which of the following are functions of the inner ear?
hearing and equilibrium (balance)
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects and drains ________________ fluid
lacrimal
what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration
lamellated corpuscles
Optic tracts extend to which of the following when they leave the optic chiasm?
lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi
Which structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?
lens
The lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial prevention because it contains the antibacterial enzyme called _______________
lysozyme
tactical receptors are a type of
mechanoreceptor
Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cell called ________ cell
neuroepithelial
emmetrophia: hyperopia: myopia:
normal vision farsightedness nearsightedness
What is the fat surrounding the eye called?
orbital fat
the portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of eyelid
palpebral conjunctiva
The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commisures or ________
palpebral, canthi
eyelids are also called
palprae
the sclera
provides for eye shape, is made of dense connective tissue
Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ________ hair plexus
root
The lens is _______ when we are viewing close up objects
round
When a figure skater does a lengthy spin on ice, it is the sensory receptors in her _________ _________ of the inner ear that are informing her brain about the position of her moving head
semicircular ducts
in hyperopia, the eyeball is too _______, and in myopia the eyeball is too _______
short, long
Which of the following are muscles located in the middle ear?
stapedius and tensor tympani
The _______ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens Suspensory
suspensory
basic taste sensatons
sweet, spicy, umami
What type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, and textures?
tactile corpuscles
Tactile cells are associated with ________ ________
tactile discs
Gustation is the sense of ________
taste
function of the auditory ossicles
transmit sound waves to inner ear and amplify sound
which are true of the cornea?
transparent and avascular
Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus
true
The external acoustic meatus terminates at the ______ most commonly called the __________
tympanic membrane, eardrum
Which of the following structures are a part of the vestibular complex?
utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts
The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the _________ membrane
vestibular
In the eye, the ________ humor is gelatinous
vitreous