Anatomy Chapter 16 Practice Questions

114) During ________ sleep, dreaming occurs. A) REM B) deep C) beta D) stage 1 E) stage 2

a) REM

112) The brain waves produced by normal adults while resting with their eyes closed are ________ waves. A) alpha B) beta C) theta D) delta E) gamma

a) alpha

50) Regarding the sympathetic nervous system, the neurotransmitter ACh is A) always excitatory when used in the synapses of the sympathetic nervous system. B) broken down by COMT. C) going to reduce the activity of the other neurotransmitter norepinephrine. D) broken down by monoamine oxidase. E) a chemical similar to the structure of adrenaline.

a) always excitatory when used in the synapses of the sympathetic nervous system.

73) Muscarinic receptors A) are normally activated by acetylcholine. B) are found mostly in autonomic ganglia. C) always produce an excitatory response. D) control sodium channels in the affected membrane. E) are blocked by norepinephrine.

a) are normally activated by acetylcholine

47) The majority of norepinephrine released by varicosities only briefly affects the target tissue because it is quickly reused or broken down by A) monoamine oxidase. B) acetylcholinesterase. C) nitroxide. D) decarboxylase. E) catalase.

a) monoamine oxidase.

16) Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and have ________ axons. A) short; myelinated B) short; unmyelinated C) long; myelinated D) long; unmyelinated E) intermediate; small

a) short; myelinated

103) Long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called ________ memories. A) tertiary B) reflexive C) consolidated D) multilobar E) secondary

a) tertiary

71) The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.

a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

106) Blocking ________ receptors in the ________ prevents long-term memory formation. A) serotonin; hypothalamus B) NMDA; hippocampus C) NMDA; midbrain D) serotonin; midbrain E) norepinephrine; hippocampus

b) NMDA; hippocampus

75) Parasympathetic effects are localized and short-lived because A) muscarinic receptors are deactivated by norepinephrine. B) acetylcholine is inactivated at the synapse by acetylcholinesterase. C) norepinephrine hyperpolarizes the postganglionic membrane. D) norepinephrine is inactivated at the synapse by monoamine oxidase. E) epinephrine blocks the muscarinic receptors.

b) acetylcholine is inactivated at the synapse by acetylcholinesterase.

102) Mechanisms involved in memory formation and storage involve all of the following except A) increased release of neurotransmitters. B) anterograde amnesia. C) the formation of additional synaptic connections. D) the formation of memory engrams. E) facilitation at synapses.

b) anterograde amnesia.

83) All parasympathetic neurons are A) adrenergic. B) cholinergic. C) nitroxidergic. D) gamma-aminobutyric. E) dopaminergic.

b) cholinergic.

20) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) adrenal

b) collateral

49) Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in A) the decrease in ATP production. B) increased heart rate and force of contraction. C) decreased force of contraction. D) slower heart rate. E) inhibition of the heart muscle.

b) increased heart rate and force of contraction

1) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest." A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor

b) parasympathetic

8) In which system are the ganglia in or near the target organ? A) sympathetic division of the ANS B) parasympathetic division of the ANS C) somatic nervous system D) afferent nervous system E) central nervous system

b) parasympathetic division of the ANS

118) An age-related decline in mental function characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and personality is called A) delirium agitans. B) senile dementia. C) persistent vegetative state. D) somnolence of the aged. E) progressive cerebral dysfunction.

b) senile dementia.

15) A pedestrian narrowly avoids being hit by an oncoming car. He notices that it takes a little while for his heart rate and respiratory rate to return to normal. This is likely because A) the parasympathetic nervous system has become activated. B) sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. C) the splanchnic nerves have become activated. D) somatic motor neurons have increased the heart and respiratory rate. E) the corticospinal pathway has become activated.

b) sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream

64) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord. B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors. C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long. D) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division. E) The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine.

c) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

57) If the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane binds to norepinephrine, the synapse is called A) cholinergic. B) anergic. C) adrenergic. D) synergic. E) noradrenergic.

c) adrenergic

85) Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving A) two nerves from the spinal cord. B) both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. D) nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord. E) both sensory and motor nerves.

c) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

104) Most long-term memories are stored in the A) cerebellum. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) pons. E) thalamus.

c) cerebral cortex.

19) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) adrenal

c) chain

26) Sympathetic nerves A) provoke feelings of sympathy. B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. C) contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers. D) control swallowing. E) stimulate gastric secretion.

c) contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers.

32) Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased sweat secretion. B) reduced circulation to the skin. C) decreased heart rate. D) dilation of the pupils. E) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.

c) decreased heart rate.

117) What mental illness is often improved by drugs that block serotonin re-uptake? A) agitation B) hallucinations C) depression D) Parkinson's E) Huntington's

c) depression

6) The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) exercise

c) digestion

63) Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except A) decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction. B) constriction of the pupils. C) dilation of the airways. D) stimulation of urination. E) stimulation of defecation.

c) dilation of the airways.

120) Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all of the following except that it A) is the most common cause of senile dementia. B) is characterized by a progressive loss of memory. C) has a clear genetic basis. D) is associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. E) may be associated with damage to the nucleus basalis.

c) has a clear genetic basis.

101) Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation? A) occipital lobe B) basal nuclei C) hippocampus D) insula E) prefrontal lobe

c) hippocampus

11) Visceral motor neuron nuclei are located in which part of the brain? A) midbrain B) primary motor cortex C) hypothalamus D) thalamus E) cerebellum

c) hypothalamus

110) Based on stimulation studies, the "headquarters" of the reticular activating system appears to be based in the A) medulla. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) cerebrum.

c) midbrain

113) The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________. A) acetylcholine; serotonin B) serotonin; norepinephrine C) norepinephrine; serotonin D) dopamine; GABA E) glutamate; serotonin

c) norepinephrine; serotonin

72) Nicotinic receptors A) respond to epinephrine. B) respond to norepinephrine. C) open chemically-gated sodium ion channels. D) can be either excitatory or inhibitory in function. E) are found at synaptic junctions of the sympathetic nervous system.

c) open chemically-gated sodium ion channels.

31) Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within A) intramural ganglia. B) collateral ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) suprarenal ganglia. E) white rami communicantes.

c) sympathetic chain ganglia

74) The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.

c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

46) Sympathetic axon terminals form a branching network of swollen segments called A) ganglia. B) receptors. C) varicosities. D) nuclei. E) bulbs.

c) varicosities

51) Which of the following statements is true? The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to 1. an increase in metabolic activity. 2. contraction of airway smooth muscle. 3. the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 and 3 E) 1, 2, and 3

d) 1 and 3

116) The inherited brain disorder Huntington's disease is caused by the destruction of basal nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. One neurotransmitter is ________ and the other is ________. A) acetylcholine; serotonin B) serotonin; norepinephrine C) norepinephrine; serotonin D) acetylcholine; GABA E) glutamate; serotonin

d) acetylcholine; GABA

4) Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in A) the brain. B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both the brainstem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. E) the cerebrum.

d) both the brainstem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord

111) A state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be aroused even by strong stimuli is A) somnolence. B) sleep. C) stupor. D) coma. E) a chronic vegetative state.

d) coma

3) Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons.

d) ganglionic neurons

76) Nicotine poisoning differs from muscarine poisoning in that A) it causes vomiting. B) it causes salivation. C) it causes sweating. D) it causes skeletal muscle convulsions. E) it causes diarrhea.

d) it causes skeletal muscle convulsions.

108) Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called A) memory conversion. B) anterograde amnesia. C) memory programming. D) memory consolidation. E) memory engraving.

d) memory consolidation.

109) The conscious state is maintained by the A) prefrontal lobes. B) general interpretive area. C) limbic system. D) reticular activating system. E) nucleus gracilis.

d) reticular activating system.

115) Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, function by A) stimulating receptors for norepinephrine. B) blocking acetylcholine receptors. C) increasing the production of GABA. D) stimulating serotonin receptors. E) mimicking the action of dopamine.

d) stimulating serotonin receptors.

43) Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). Which of the following might help deal with his problem? A) a drug that blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle B) a drug that blocks alpha-2 receptors in adipose tissue C) a drug that increases cAMP levels in cardiac muscle tissue D) a drug that blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue E) a drug that blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle and blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue

e) a drug that blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle and blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue

77) Drugs that block nicotinic receptors would be A) sympathomimetic. B) parasympathomimetic. C) parasympathetic blocking agents. D) sympathetic blocking agents. E) autonomic blocking agents.

e) autonomic blocking agents.

29) The adrenal medullae secrete A) medullin. B) epinephrine. C) norepinephrine. D) renin. E) both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

e) both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

100) The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the A) cerebrum. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) pituitary gland. E) hypothalamus.

e) hypothalamus

119) Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include all of the following except A) reduction in brain size and weight. B) decrease in the number of neurons. C) decreased blood flow to the brain. D) changes in synaptic organization in the brain. E) increased memory storage.

e) increased memory storage

48) Which of the following is a sympathetic neurotransmitter used for vasodilation? A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) dopamine D) serotonin E) nitric oxide

e) nitric oxide

5) Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following except A) smooth muscle. B) cardiac muscle. C) adipose tissue. D) glands. E) skeletal muscle.

e) skeletal muscle

70) Parasympathetic ganglia that are near the eyes and salivary glands are called ________ ganglia. A) somatic B) collateral C) contralateral D) intramural E) terminal

e) terminal