Anatomy - Chapter 2 QUIZ
Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?
they are a majore form of energy storage TRUE: -contain glycerol backgone - head group is polar -molecule is an important part of cell membranes -tail groups are nonpolar
Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?
transfers energy for cell functions.
This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.
triglyceride
This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation.
triglycerides
A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.
valence electrons
In the body fluid of the human body, the solvent is
water
What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?
water
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms?
covalent
Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products?
decomposition
hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center
effectors
Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?
endergonic
AB + CD → AD + BC is a general example of a(n) _____ reaction.
exchange
Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?
forms backbone of all organic molecules
A molecule with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell is called a(n)
free radical
Specific arrangements of atoms within an organic molecule that confer characteristic chemical properties upon that molecule are called
functional groups
Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?
glucose
Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
glycogen
Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?
glycogen
Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?
hydrogen
Surface tension of an aqueous Solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water molecules.
hydrogen bonds
A solute that readily dissolves in water is (remember, water is polar so the solute must also be polar)
hydrophilic
Which of the following describes the major significance of the element chlorine in the human body?
ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid
The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.
isotopes
Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?
lactose
In laboratory, Sudan IV is used to test for the presence of hydrophobic substances in food. Which organic molecule would exhibit a positive reaction with Sudan IV?
lipids
An enzyme acts to
lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction
Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body?
metabolism
if blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH
negative feedback
Which of the following subatomic particles has/have a neutral charge?
neutron
Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?
nucleotide
In a polar covalent bond, the atom that has the most electronegativity will have a
partial negative charge
This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.
polyunsaturated
Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are enzymes secreted by cells in your stomach to digest proteins. The presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCl and pepsin. Thus, once digestion begins, it becomes a self-accelerating process. This is an example of
positive feedback
sexual intercourse leads to an increase in arousal and sexual behavior. this in turn leads to increased stimulation, until climax is released. this is an example of
positive feedback
The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are
protons, neutrons, electrons
component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the
receptor
Which type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products?
synthesis
The energy stored in the bonds of the molecules in the foods that humans eat is I. a form of kinetic energy. II. a form of potential energy. III. referred to as chemical energy.
2 & 3
Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? I. neutron II. electron III. proton
2 only
If there is 24% Adenine present in a DNA helix, how much thymine would be present?
24% thymine
Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?
Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze. PROPERTIES: catalytic proteins highly specific efficient subject to a variety of cellular controls
The primary structure of a protein consists of
a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Which of the following is a proton donor?
acid
A solution with a pH value less than 7 is
acidic
The initial energy "investment" needed to start a chemical reaction in a cell is called the
activation energy
Which of the following can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?
antioxidants
This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
atomic mass
The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's
atomic number
A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)
buffer
Which of the following is a common function of RNA?
carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis
Which of the following is the major function of DNA?
carries inherited genetic code that controls protein synthesis
This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.
cholesteral
Which of the following describes the major significance of the element nitrogen in the human body?
It is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids.
