Anatomy - Chapter 24: The Urinary System

What happens in tubular resorption?

most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood renal capillaries

Which structure is found separating the renal pyramids?

renal columns

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?

renal corpuscles

Where does filtration of the blood occur within the kidneys?

renal cortex

Which region of the kidney is the most superficial?

renal cortex

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?

renal fascia

Where are the renal columns located?

renal medulla

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis

Urine passes through the

renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

retroperitoneal

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is

simple squamous

The region in the urinary bladder, defined by the openings of the ureters and the urethra, is called the__________ .

trigone

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons can be distinguished by the absence of a vasa recta in the cortical nephrons.

true

The ureter, blood vessels, and nerves penetrate the kidney on its medial surface.

true

Ladder-like looping blood vessels within the medulla.

vasa recta

The __________ are an important part of the kidney's urine-concentrating mechanism found surrounding the nephron loops (loops of Henle) of juxtamedullary nephrons.

vasa recta

The microvilli along the luminal surface of the proximal convoluted tubule __________.

increase the total surface area of proximal convoluted tubules and maximize their capacity for resorbing water, ions, and solute from the filtrate

Which of these events occurs after the posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules become more permeable to water, which results in additional water being resorbed into blood vessels from filtrate

Which structure helps maintain the shape of the kidneys, and forms a barrier that prevents spread of infection from surrounding regions?

the fibrous capsule

Which structure(s) is/are confined to the renal medulla?

the thin segments of the nephron loop (the Loop of Henle)

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex

In what way is the histology of the ureters the same as that of the urinary bladder?

their luminal epithelium is transitional epithelium

Which of these statements concerning peritubular capillaries is FALSE?

they are adapted for secretion

Which type of epithelium lines the lumen of the ureter (shown here), urinary bladder, and proximal portions of the urethra?

transitional epithelium

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney?

evaporation

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

Eventually, throughout the uriniferous tubules, about__________ % of fluid is resorbed into the blood

99%

Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle?

efferent arteriole

Which gland sits atop each kidney?

adrenal

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

an increase in the production of ADH

Why is blood pressure in the glomerulus higher than in other capillary beds?

arterioles are high-resistance blood vessels. and the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule __________.

clings to the glomerulus, consists of branching cells called podocytes, and plays an important role in the formation of filtrate

Renal corpuscles __________.

consist of a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule

Identify the correct direction of urine flow from formation to exiting the kidney.

cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

cortical

Contraction of the bladder's__________ muscle squeezes urine from the bladder during urination.

detrusor

The fibrous capsule is a layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the kidney.

false

Name the strong transparent covering that encases the kidney.

fibrous capsule

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule plays no role in the formation of__________ .

filtrate

The only region of a nephron where__________ takes place is the glomerulus.

filtration

The uniqueness of the__________ , when compared to other capillary beds, is that it is both fed and drained by arterioles.

glomerulus

Where does the ureter penetrate the kidney?

hilum

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?

in females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum