Anatomy Chapter 4

Elastic connective tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart.

true

Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ________.

fibers and ground substance

The primary blast cell for connective tissue proper is the ________.

fibroblast

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.

Mucins

Goblet cells are found within pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

True

Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

True

Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur.

True

The role of brown fat is to warm the body; whereas, the role of white fat is to store nutrients.

True

The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

True

Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone?

blood vessels

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

bone (osseous tissue)

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type?

bone; osteoblast

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air?

cutaneous membrane

Choose which tissue type likely functions to add support to an organ.

hyaline cartilage

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) ________.

tissue

Cardiac muscle

Moves blood through the body

Smooth muscle

Moves food through the GI tract

Select the correct statement regarding the stem cells of connective tissue.

"Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen.

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

Collagen fibers provides high tensile strength.

Which of the following statements is true?

Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen.

Tendon

Derived from mesenchyme

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Which of the following is true about epithelia?

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue is innervated.

A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

False

Fibrocartilage is also known as gristle.

False

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures.

False

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

False

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

False

Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

False

The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

False

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic cartilage or fibrocartilage?

Fibers are not normally visible

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelia?

Golgi apparatus

Skin epidermis

Has a surface to which nothing is attached

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?

Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing.

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________

INTERCALATED DISCS

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair.

Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

Which event must precede all others during tissue repair?

Inflammation occurs near the affected cells.

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall.

Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why?

Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form.

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

True

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

Pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

True

An infection may occur in a tissue injury. Why?

The increased availability of nutrients allows microorganisms to replicate. The skin and mucous membranes are body's first line of defense and are mostly impenetrable to microorganisms, unless broken or damaged by tissue injury.

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues?

They have a common origin: mesenchyme.

A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations.

True

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?

absorption

Which tissue type would likely function to hold the kidneys in place?

adipose

Edema (swelling) occurs when ________.

areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT act as a binding or packaging material under normal conditions or provide structural support?

blood

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity?

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Cell type NOT found in areolar connective tissue.

chondrocyte

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus.

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

collagen

The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength, which allows them to absorb shock, is because they possess ________.

collagen fibers

The salivary glands are a good example of a(n) ________ exocrine gland.

compound tubuloalveolar

You observe a uniform tissue under a microscope. There is no lumen. The material looks densely packed, but you do not observe many nuclei. It appears that there are strands of fibers running in parallel directions. What type of tissue are you looking at?

connective tissue

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers?

connective tissues high in collagen fibers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue?

creates linings

Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract?

dense microvilli

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________.

elastic cartilage

Skin, lung, and blood vessel walls have which tissue characteristic in common?

elastic fibers

Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ________ connective tissue.

embryonic

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Arteries, veins, and lymphatics keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy.

endothelium

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type?

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

epithelial tissue

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

epithelium

Which of these terms applies best to all material in this tissue that is not cellular?

extracellular matrix

All muscle cells contain striations.

false

Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

false

Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

false

Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.

false

Healing of a surgical incision through the body wall will tend to increase the amount of areolar tissue.

false

Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristic of skeletal muscle.

false

Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.

false

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________.

fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

Your instructor gives you an unknown organ for you to examine and identify through microscopy. What should you do first with the sample?

fix it with preservative

Which of the following is NOT a step in tissue repair?

formation of new stem cells

Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells?

goblet cells

Which property is most consistent in the majority of connective tissues?

greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

ground substance, fibers, and cells

Which is true concerning muscle tissue?

highly cellular and well vascularized

Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland?

hormone glands

The first step in tissue repair involves ________.

inflammation

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________.

inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Smooth muscle __________.

is under involuntary control

A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells ________.

lines most of the respiratory tract

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified?

location

An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a __________.

multicellular simple gland

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired?

muscle; endoderm

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.

provide flexibility

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue?

simple columnar

You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen, the cells seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at?

simple columnar epithelia

Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?

simple squamous

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing?

skeletal muscle tissue

Which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions?

smooth muscle

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________.

stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________.

stratified squamous

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function?

stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

What function do transitional epithelia have?

stretching

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

true

Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

true

Epithelial tissues always exhibit apical-basal polarity; meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface.

true

Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

true

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

true

Which statement best describes connective tissue?

usually contains a large amount of matrix

Chondroblasts ________.

within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix