anatomy chapter 6

Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking?

Osteoblasts are more active and osteoclast maintain normal activity when there is mechanical stress placed on bones.

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae.

osteocytes

In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?

osteoprogenitor cells

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A and B

Where in the diagram is hyaline cartilage located?

A and E

What type of bone cell secretes hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers?

B

In the diagram, what bone is considered the strongest?

C

In which region of the diagram would yellow bone marrow be located?

C

In the diagram, which is the first blood vessel that enters the bone model in endochondral ossification?

H

Why do greenstick fractures commonly occur in children?

Their bones contain higher amounts of collagen.

List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage D: Zone of resting cartilage

a,b,c,d

The ______is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

articular cartilage

Which two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

calcium and phosphorus

The ______is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

epiphyseal plate

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of __, which would inhibit ___.

estrogen; osteoclast activity

Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?

greenstick

The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus.

osteoblasts

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect bone strength?

parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions.

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid hormone

What area of long bone is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteogenic cells?

periosteum

Mary, an avid runner, was complaining that her lower leg hurt. After going to the doctor, they did not see anything on x-rays of her tibia or fibula. The doctor ordered a bone scan and saw tiny fissures throughout her tibia without any other tissue damage. What is Mary's likely diagnosis?

stress fracture