anatomy chapter 9 skeletal system
where are syndesmoses found in the body
-Between the tibia and fibula; -between the radius and ulna
which are examples of hinge joints
-Knee joint -elbow joint -interphalangeal joints
select all the movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column
-flexion -extension -lateral flexion
which are classified as ball and socket joints
-glenohumeral joint -hip joint
which are classified as synovial joints
-knee joint -glenohumeral -elbow
select all that are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column
-lateral flexion -flexion -extension
injury to the fibular collateral ligament is fairly rare because
-medial blows to the knee are rare -the ligament is very strong
which are injured in the "unhappy triad" of knee injuries
-medial meniscus -tibial collateral ligament -anterior cruciate ligament
each form of arthritis presents the same symptoms which are BLANK
-stiffness -pain -swelling
which are reasons for the high stability of the elbow joint
-the articular capsule is thick -the bony surfaces of the elbow interlock very well
A BLANK joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissues
A fibrous joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissues
BLANK means to 'move away' and is a lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline
ABDUCTION means to 'move away' and is a lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline
BLANK means to 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
ADDUCTION means to 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
All symphyses are classified as ___, meaning they are slightly mobile
Amphiarthrosis
which articulations are found in the talocrural (ankle) joint
Between the tibia and talus, and between the talus and fibula
BLANK is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion
CIRCUMDUCTION is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion
which of the following are locations of a synchondrosis?
Epiphyseal plate Between rib/ sternum
true or false: the only gomphosis in the human body is between the radius and the ulna
FALSE
BLANK involves turning the sole of the foot medially
INVERSION involves turning the sole of the foot medially
In BLANK the sole of the foot turns to face laterally
In EVERSION the sole of the foot turns to face laterally
BLANK rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally
LATERAL rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally
BLANK connects bones together and reinforce most synovial joints
LIGAMENTS connects bones together and reinforce most synovial joints
BLANK rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially
MEDIAL rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially
One part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the ____ articulates with the ____ of the humerus.
One part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the ULNA articulates with the TROCHLEA of the humerus.
BLANK are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull
SUTURES are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull
which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna
Syndesmosis
true or false: When the epiphyseal plate closes, a synchondrosis no longer exists
TRUE
The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a _____.
The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a suture
a 'fracture hip' is usually a fracture of the what
a 'fracture hip' is usually a fracture of the femoral neck
a BLANK is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint
a SPRAIN is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint
Describe amphiarthrosis joints
a amphiarthrosis joint is slightly movable
a BLANK partitions the sternoclavicular joint into two separate synovial cavities, increasing the mobility of the joint
a articular disc partitions the sternoclavicular joint into two separate synovial cavities, increasing the mobility of the joint
Describe diarthrosis joints
a diarthrosis joint is freely movable
a fibrocartilage in a joint (such as pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a BLANK
a fibrocartilage in a joint (such as pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a meniscus
the place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a BLANK
a joint
describe synarthrosis joints
a synarthrosis joint is immobile
the plane joint between the acromion and the lateral end of the clavicle is the BLANK joint
acromioclavicular joint
BLANK means to "move toward" and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
adduction
how are syndesmoses classified in terms of mobility
ampiarthrosis
an example of BLANK is moving the mandible to open the mouth
an example of DEPRESSION is moving the mandible to open the mouth
the repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining healthy BLANK which covers the ends of the articulating bones in a synovial joint
articular cartilage
bending your arm at the elbow is an example of BLANK
bending your arm at the elbow is an example of flexion
bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of BLANK
bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of flexion
by monitoring stretch at a joint the BLANK can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements
by monitoring stretch at a joint the NERVOUS SYSTEM can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements
damage to the BLANK joint may include headaches and sinus pressure
damage to the temporomandibular joint may include headaches and sinus pressure
hyperextension is when
extension continues past the anatomic position
true or false: the acromioclavicular joint is known to be a relatively unstable joint
false
a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue is classified as a BLANK joint
fibrous joint
in a BLANK motion, the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction
gliding motion
an orthodontist would work on which joints?
gomphosis
which types of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage
BLANK is an extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees
hyperextension is an extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees
examples of a plane joint
intercarpal joints and intertarsal joints
which is categorized as a symphysis
joint between two pubic bones ( intervertebral discs)
osteoarthritis is termed 'wear and tear arthritis' and is especially painful because bone rubs against bone as the BLANK breaks down first
osteoarthritis is termed 'wear and tear arthritis' and is especially painful because bone rubs against bone as the articular cartilage breaks down first
the atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as BLANK
pivot joint
match the type of joints with their relative mobility with 1 being the least mobile and 4 being most mobile
plane=1 hinge=2 condylar=3 saddle=4 ball and socket=5
BLANK flexion occurs when a ballerina stands on her tiptoes
plantar flexion
BLANK is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly
pronation
repeating coughing or overextension during exercise may cause BLANK resulting in localized chest pain
repeating coughing or overextension during exercise may cause costochondritis resulting in localized chest pain
the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is an example of a BLANK joint
saddle joint
which is the most mobile joint
shoulder joint
shoulder separations usually occur when a fully BLANK humerus is struck hard
shoulder separations usually occur when a fully ABDUCTED humerus is struck hard
the rotator cuff muscles include
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
what is it called when the forearm rotates the palm anteriorly
supination
an articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a BLANK
synchondrosis
the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses between the BLANK and BLANK years of age, making it a useful tool for assessing the age of the skull
synchondrosis fuses between the ages 18-25
of the three major types of joints the BLANK joints are freely movable articulations and are classified as diarthrosis
synovial
what acts as a shock absorber when synovial joints are moving and pressure in the joint increases
synovial fluid
BLANK lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint
synovial fluid lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint
BLANK are elongated bursae that wrap around tendons where there may be excessive friction
tendon sheaths
BLANK are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones
tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones
the BLANk reflect around the neck of the femur to provide additional stability to the hip joint capsule
the LIGAMENTOUS FIBERS reflect around the neck of the femur to provide additional stability to the hip joint capsule
the BLANK cruciate ligament runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia
the anterior cruciate ligament runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia
the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called BLANK
the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called pubic symphysis
the coxal joint is the articulation between the BLANK of the femur and the BLANK of the os coxae
the coxal joint is the articulation between the HEAD of the femur and the ACETABULUM of the os coxae
the sternoclavicular joint is between the sternal end of the clavicle , the manubrium of the sternum, and the first costal cartilage is a BLANK type of synovial joint
the first costal cartilage is a saddle type of synovial joint
the glenohumeral joint is a BLANK joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one the most frequently dislocated
the glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one the most frequently dislocated
the hip joint is more stable and BLANK mobile than the glenohumeral joint because it supports the body weight
the hip joint is more stable and LESS mobile than the glenohumeral joint because it supports the body weight
the joint capsule has an inner layer called the BLANK
the joint capsule has an inner layer called the synovial membrane
describe the joint gomphosis
the joint gomphosis holds teeth in their socket
describe the joint suture
the joint suture connects skull bones
describe the joint syndesmosis
the joint syndesmosis is between radius and ulna
the ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called
the ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called fibular collateral ligaments
what are the joints associated with movement of the shoulder
the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint, and the glenohumeral joint
the superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of
the superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of elevation
the BLANK joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones
the temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones
the knee has what two articulations
the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint
lateral flexion is when
the vertebral column moves laterally
the very thin ankle ligament that prevents over-inversion of the foot that is prone to sprains and tears is the BLANK ligament
the very thin ankle ligament that prevents over-inversion of the foot that is prone to sprains and tears is the LATERAL ligament
flexion is when
there is a decrease angle between bones
extension is when
there is an increase angle between bones
when bones have completely fused across the suture line they become BLANK
when bones have completely fused across the suture line they become synostoses
when bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become
when bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become synostoses
describe the movement inversion
when soles turn inward
describe the movement eversion
when soles turn outward
describe the movement plantar flexion
when the heel is higher than toes
describe the movement dorsiflexion
when the heel is lower than toes
when the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as BLANK
when the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as REPOSITION
where do you find synchondroses that are specific only to children
you find synchondroses that are specific only to children between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone