anatomy chapter 9 skeletal system

where are syndesmoses found in the body

-Between the tibia and fibula; -between the radius and ulna

which are examples of hinge joints

-Knee joint -elbow joint -interphalangeal joints

select all the movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column

-flexion -extension -lateral flexion

which are classified as ball and socket joints

-glenohumeral joint -hip joint

which are classified as synovial joints

-knee joint -glenohumeral -elbow

select all that are movements allowed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column

-lateral flexion -flexion -extension

injury to the fibular collateral ligament is fairly rare because

-medial blows to the knee are rare -the ligament is very strong

which are injured in the "unhappy triad" of knee injuries

-medial meniscus -tibial collateral ligament -anterior cruciate ligament

each form of arthritis presents the same symptoms which are BLANK

-stiffness -pain -swelling

which are reasons for the high stability of the elbow joint

-the articular capsule is thick -the bony surfaces of the elbow interlock very well

A BLANK joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissues

A fibrous joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissues

BLANK means to 'move away' and is a lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline

ABDUCTION means to 'move away' and is a lateral movement of a body part away from the body midline

BLANK means to 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

ADDUCTION means to 'move toward' and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

All symphyses are classified as ___, meaning they are slightly mobile

Amphiarthrosis

which articulations are found in the talocrural (ankle) joint

Between the tibia and talus, and between the talus and fibula

BLANK is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion

CIRCUMDUCTION is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of the appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion

which of the following are locations of a synchondrosis?

Epiphyseal plate Between rib/ sternum

true or false: the only gomphosis in the human body is between the radius and the ulna

FALSE

BLANK involves turning the sole of the foot medially

INVERSION involves turning the sole of the foot medially

In BLANK the sole of the foot turns to face laterally

In EVERSION the sole of the foot turns to face laterally

BLANK rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally

LATERAL rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally

BLANK connects bones together and reinforce most synovial joints

LIGAMENTS connects bones together and reinforce most synovial joints

BLANK rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially

MEDIAL rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially

One part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the ____ articulates with the ____ of the humerus.

One part of the elbow joint is where the trochlear notch of the ULNA articulates with the TROCHLEA of the humerus.

BLANK are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull

SUTURES are immobile (synarthrotic) fibrous joints that are found between the bones of the skull

which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna

Syndesmosis

true or false: When the epiphyseal plate closes, a synchondrosis no longer exists

TRUE

The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a _____.

The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a suture

a 'fracture hip' is usually a fracture of the what

a 'fracture hip' is usually a fracture of the femoral neck

a BLANK is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint

a SPRAIN is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint

Describe amphiarthrosis joints

a amphiarthrosis joint is slightly movable

a BLANK partitions the sternoclavicular joint into two separate synovial cavities, increasing the mobility of the joint

a articular disc partitions the sternoclavicular joint into two separate synovial cavities, increasing the mobility of the joint

Describe diarthrosis joints

a diarthrosis joint is freely movable

a fibrocartilage in a joint (such as pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a BLANK

a fibrocartilage in a joint (such as pads located on the condyles of the tibia) is called a meniscus

the place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a BLANK

a joint

describe synarthrosis joints

a synarthrosis joint is immobile

the plane joint between the acromion and the lateral end of the clavicle is the BLANK joint

acromioclavicular joint

BLANK means to "move toward" and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

adduction

how are syndesmoses classified in terms of mobility

ampiarthrosis

an example of BLANK is moving the mandible to open the mouth

an example of DEPRESSION is moving the mandible to open the mouth

the repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining healthy BLANK which covers the ends of the articulating bones in a synovial joint

articular cartilage

bending your arm at the elbow is an example of BLANK

bending your arm at the elbow is an example of flexion

bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of BLANK

bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of flexion

by monitoring stretch at a joint the BLANK can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements

by monitoring stretch at a joint the NERVOUS SYSTEM can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements

damage to the BLANK joint may include headaches and sinus pressure

damage to the temporomandibular joint may include headaches and sinus pressure

hyperextension is when

extension continues past the anatomic position

true or false: the acromioclavicular joint is known to be a relatively unstable joint

false

a joint in which articulating bones are joined by dense regular connective tissue is classified as a BLANK joint

fibrous joint

in a BLANK motion, the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction

gliding motion

an orthodontist would work on which joints?

gomphosis

which types of cartilage can be found in cartilaginous joints

hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage

BLANK is an extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees

hyperextension is an extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees

examples of a plane joint

intercarpal joints and intertarsal joints

which is categorized as a symphysis

joint between two pubic bones ( intervertebral discs)

osteoarthritis is termed 'wear and tear arthritis' and is especially painful because bone rubs against bone as the BLANK breaks down first

osteoarthritis is termed 'wear and tear arthritis' and is especially painful because bone rubs against bone as the articular cartilage breaks down first

the atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as BLANK

pivot joint

match the type of joints with their relative mobility with 1 being the least mobile and 4 being most mobile

plane=1 hinge=2 condylar=3 saddle=4 ball and socket=5

BLANK flexion occurs when a ballerina stands on her tiptoes

plantar flexion

BLANK is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly

pronation

repeating coughing or overextension during exercise may cause BLANK resulting in localized chest pain

repeating coughing or overextension during exercise may cause costochondritis resulting in localized chest pain

the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is an example of a BLANK joint

saddle joint

which is the most mobile joint

shoulder joint

shoulder separations usually occur when a fully BLANK humerus is struck hard

shoulder separations usually occur when a fully ABDUCTED humerus is struck hard

the rotator cuff muscles include

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

what is it called when the forearm rotates the palm anteriorly

supination

an articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a BLANK

synchondrosis

the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses between the BLANK and BLANK years of age, making it a useful tool for assessing the age of the skull

synchondrosis fuses between the ages 18-25

of the three major types of joints the BLANK joints are freely movable articulations and are classified as diarthrosis

synovial

what acts as a shock absorber when synovial joints are moving and pressure in the joint increases

synovial fluid

BLANK lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint

synovial fluid lubricates the articular cartilage of articulating bones in a synovial joint

BLANK are elongated bursae that wrap around tendons where there may be excessive friction

tendon sheaths

BLANK are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones

tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bones

the BLANk reflect around the neck of the femur to provide additional stability to the hip joint capsule

the LIGAMENTOUS FIBERS reflect around the neck of the femur to provide additional stability to the hip joint capsule

the BLANK cruciate ligament runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia

the anterior cruciate ligament runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia

the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called BLANK

the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called pubic symphysis

the coxal joint is the articulation between the BLANK of the femur and the BLANK of the os coxae

the coxal joint is the articulation between the HEAD of the femur and the ACETABULUM of the os coxae

the sternoclavicular joint is between the sternal end of the clavicle , the manubrium of the sternum, and the first costal cartilage is a BLANK type of synovial joint

the first costal cartilage is a saddle type of synovial joint

the glenohumeral joint is a BLANK joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one the most frequently dislocated

the glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint which is the most unstable joint in the body and one the most frequently dislocated

the hip joint is more stable and BLANK mobile than the glenohumeral joint because it supports the body weight

the hip joint is more stable and LESS mobile than the glenohumeral joint because it supports the body weight

the joint capsule has an inner layer called the BLANK

the joint capsule has an inner layer called the synovial membrane

describe the joint gomphosis

the joint gomphosis holds teeth in their socket

describe the joint suture

the joint suture connects skull bones

describe the joint syndesmosis

the joint syndesmosis is between radius and ulna

the ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called

the ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called fibular collateral ligaments

what are the joints associated with movement of the shoulder

the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint, and the glenohumeral joint

the superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of

the superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of elevation

the BLANK joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones

the temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones

the knee has what two articulations

the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

lateral flexion is when

the vertebral column moves laterally

the very thin ankle ligament that prevents over-inversion of the foot that is prone to sprains and tears is the BLANK ligament

the very thin ankle ligament that prevents over-inversion of the foot that is prone to sprains and tears is the LATERAL ligament

flexion is when

there is a decrease angle between bones

extension is when

there is an increase angle between bones

when bones have completely fused across the suture line they become BLANK

when bones have completely fused across the suture line they become synostoses

when bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become

when bones have completely fused across the suture line, they become synostoses

describe the movement inversion

when soles turn inward

describe the movement eversion

when soles turn outward

describe the movement plantar flexion

when the heel is higher than toes

describe the movement dorsiflexion

when the heel is lower than toes

when the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as BLANK

when the thumb moves away from the palmer surface of the tip of the fingers, the movement is referred to as REPOSITION

where do you find synchondroses that are specific only to children

you find synchondroses that are specific only to children between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone