Anatomy EXAM 2

osteons or haversian systems

are the basic units in compact bone tissue

the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

stratum basale

the epidermal layer found only in thick skin is

stratum lucidum

the four primary tissue types are

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

the cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

osteocyte

which of the following functions is associated with the skin

protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

the type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

tight junction

arrange the following events of endochondral ossification in the proper sequence (1) cartilage matrix is calcified and condrocytes die (2) chondrocytes hypertrphy (3) cartilage model is formed (4) osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage of the primary ossification center (5) blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts

3, 2, 1, 5, 4

a gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes... the secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid... the type of secretory process for this gland is probably

a combination of merocrine and apocrine

adipose tissue functions as

an insulator and site of energy storage

individuals with lighter skin have which of the following

approximately the same number of melanocytes an individuals with darker skin

a tissue that has a fluid matrix is

blood

sally has elevated blood calcium levels... which substance would you expect to find in high levels in response to this condition

calcitonin

the primary mineral in bone is

calcium

small channels extending through the bone matrix are

canaliculi

which of the following statements concerning connective tissue is true

collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue

which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape

columnar

the bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

cyanosis

calcitonin is associated with

decreased osteoclast activity

this layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes

epidermis

is it possible to determine is a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the

epiphyseal plate

long bones grow in length at the

epiphyseal plate

melanin production can be influenced by

exposure to sunlight pregnancy hormones genetics

the spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called

fontanels

woven bone

has its collagen fibers randomly oriented

what attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane

hemidesmosomes

the type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

hyaline cartilage

which of the following is NOT a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine

parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

increased RANKL and decreased OPG.

during development, some bones arise from thick connective tissue membranes is a process known as_____________ ossification adn other bones arise from a hyaline cartilage model in a process known as ____________ ossification

intramembranous; endochondral

which of the following statements is true about sweat regarding glands

it is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland

What is the function of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

it serves as a storage site for lipids, which can be used for energy

as skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss... this process is called

keratinization

the primary function of osteoblasts is to

lay down bone matrix

the extracellular material of tissues is called

matrix

melanin is produced only by

melanocytes

which type of skin cancer is the most deadly

melanoma

the dermal layer closest to the epidermis is the

papillary layer

the covering of the outer surface of bone is the

periosteum

Which epithial tissue can be described as "all cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces"

pseudostratified

which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland

sebaceous gland

which of the following events of endochondral ossification occurs last

secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses

which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue

secretion and absorption of molecules

the epidermis of skin is composed of think shape

stratified squamous epithelial

the proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

strength of bone

a subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

subcutaneous layer

the longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue

the various types of epithelium are classifed

the shape of cells and number of cell layers

epithelial tissue is characterized by

tightly packed cells

which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

vitamin D