Anatomy Exam 2
Diffusion across which structure returns excess CSF to venous circulation?
Arachnoid granulations
Interneurons
Are found only in the central nervous system.
A few spiders produce a venom that is a calcium channel blocker. Where would this venom have on the nerve impulse transmission?
At the axon terminal
The __________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular activity.
Autonomic
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
During depolarization, which gradient(s) move(s) Na+ into the cell.
Both the electrical and chemical gradients.
Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?
Sending signals to muscles
The muscle that produces the action of standing on tip-toes is the
Soleus
Which of the following is a muscle of the rotator cuff?
Teres minor
Collectively, the biceps femoris, semitendinous, and semimembranosus make up ......
The hamstrings
Which of the following statements regarding fast fibers is true?
Their power comes from the anaerobic process of the glycolysis.
What is true about skeletal muscle?
They contain blood vesicles
Which of the following statements concerning slow fibers is not true?
They contain large glycogen reserves.
Damage to the ______ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function could result in death.
Vagus
An action potential releases neurotransmitter from a neuron by opening which of the the following channels?
Voltage gated CA2 channels.
A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by
aerobic respiration
During an EEG , alpha waves
are characteristics of normal resting adults.
regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are
association areas
Muscle cells
can only contract
The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by
cell bodies of neurons and glial cells
You bowl with your right arm but you write with your left hand. This is related to differences in the
cerebral hemispheres
Medulla oblongata
contains cardiovascular center
During the action potential, when does sodium permeability initially DECREASE?
during the peak of hyperpolarization
Binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor causes the membrane to
either depolarize or hyperpolarize depending on which ion channels are opened.
The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during
forced expiration
Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called
graded polarization
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,
incoming sensory information would be disrupted
The flexor reflex
is a withdrawal reflex
Glycolysis
is an anaerobic process.
Anaerobic endurance
is exemplified by contractions of fast muscle fibers.
Saltatory conduction
is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon.
The neruotransmitter
is stored in the axon terminal of the motor neuron
Which of the following lists the parts of the reflex arc in the correct order.
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector.
Hypothalamus
regulating body temperature
Precise Muscle movements...
require less motor units, fewer fibers and lesser tension than large , gross muscle movements.
During an action potential, the rapid decrease in sodium permeability and simultaneous increase in potassium permeability is responsible for
the repolarization phase
Which muscle functions in abduction of the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis
The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer of
Schwann cells
The generation of an action potential in the sarcolemma is short in duration. Describe why?
AChE acts to breakdown the ACh in the synaptic cleft.
intercalated discs
- Are attached to microfilaments allowing the cells to "pull together" quite efficiently. -Are specialized sites of contact between cardiac muscles cells. - Contain tight junctions that allow the rapid passage of action potentials from cell to cell.
What is the value for the resting membrane potential for the most neurons?
-70mV
Which of the following best describes a motor unit?
A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies
The mechanism by which the neurotransmitter is returned to a presynaptic neuron's axon terminal is specific for each neurotransmitter. Which of the following neurotransmitter is broken down by an enzyme before being returned?
ACh
Which of the following events most directly occurs due to an action potential generated by the motor neuron?
ACh is released at the synaptic cleft.
Thin Filaments
Actin , Binding site location for myosin, Binding site location for Ca, troponin, Tropomyosin.
Which of the following statements describes a response of an organ system to exercise?
Cardiovascular system Blood vessels in the skin dilate to allow heat loss and heart rate increases. Muscular system active muscles consume oxygen and generate carbon dioxide and heat.
Binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptors opens _________ channels on the ___________ membrane.
Chemically; post-synaptic.
During which phase is the stimulus frequency so high that the relaxation phase is eliminated?
Complete tetanus
Which gives the correct order of meninges from outside to inside?
Dura mater , arachnoid , pia mater
Which ones compress/elevate the ribs?
External Intercostals
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary gland
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Which are the primary function of the muscular system?
Guard the body's entrances and exits, Move the skeleton, help maintain body temperature, maintain posture.
There are no fibers in muscles of the
Hand and eye
Thick Filaments
Heads that form cross-bridges , binding site location for ATP Myosin.
The bones of the pelvis
Include portions of both axial and appendicular elements.
Which of the following muscles acts to depress the ribs?
Internal Intercostals
muscle fatigue
Is caused by buildup of lactic acid or the depletion of energy reserves.
As you unsuccessfully attempt to lift the 300-pound weighs off the ground, you are demonstrating....
Isometric contraction
The membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to _______ but only slightly permeable to ______
K+ ; Na+
If Broca's ares is damaged, what might result?
Loss of the ability to speak
Which of the following statements is true concerning motor units?
Movement of the eyeball requires fewer muscle fibers with less tension being produced.
Why do an individual muscle twitches have to added together, as in summation or tetanus?
Multiple twitches add up to an increase in muscle fiver tension, which increases the strength of muscles.
Which statement regarding "heat loss" is true?
Muscle contractions play an important role in the maintenance of normal body temperature.
The concentration of which two ions are higher outside the cell.
Na+ and Cl-
The Na+ -K+ pump actively transport both sodium and potassium ions across the membrane to compensate for their constant leakage. In which direction is each ion pumped?
Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is pumped into the cell.
Which shoulder muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula and elevates the ribs if the scapula is stationary?
Pectoralis minor.
A sheath tissue surrounding a bundle of striated muscle fibers is called
Perimysium
In a Synapse, neurotransmitter are stored in vesicles located in the
Presynaptic neuron
Which of the following is a characteristic of slow fibers?
Resting slow muscles fibers contain oxygen reserves, bound to myoglobin.
Smooth muscles tissue lacks
Sarcomeres