Anatomy Exam 2

Diffusion across which structure returns excess CSF to venous circulation?

Arachnoid granulations

Interneurons

Are found only in the central nervous system.

A few spiders produce a venom that is a calcium channel blocker. Where would this venom have on the nerve impulse transmission?

At the axon terminal

The __________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular activity.

Autonomic

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination

During depolarization, which gradient(s) move(s) Na+ into the cell.

Both the electrical and chemical gradients.

Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?

Sending signals to muscles

The muscle that produces the action of standing on tip-toes is the

Soleus

Which of the following is a muscle of the rotator cuff?

Teres minor

Collectively, the biceps femoris, semitendinous, and semimembranosus make up ......

The hamstrings

Which of the following statements regarding fast fibers is true?

Their power comes from the anaerobic process of the glycolysis.

What is true about skeletal muscle?

They contain blood vesicles

Which of the following statements concerning slow fibers is not true?

They contain large glycogen reserves.

Damage to the ______ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function could result in death.

Vagus

An action potential releases neurotransmitter from a neuron by opening which of the the following channels?

Voltage gated CA2 channels.

A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

aerobic respiration

During an EEG , alpha waves

are characteristics of normal resting adults.

regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are

association areas

Muscle cells

can only contract

The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by

cell bodies of neurons and glial cells

You bowl with your right arm but you write with your left hand. This is related to differences in the

cerebral hemispheres

Medulla oblongata

contains cardiovascular center

During the action potential, when does sodium permeability initially DECREASE?

during the peak of hyperpolarization

Binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor causes the membrane to

either depolarize or hyperpolarize depending on which ion channels are opened.

The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during

forced expiration

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called

graded polarization

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,

incoming sensory information would be disrupted

The flexor reflex

is a withdrawal reflex

Glycolysis

is an anaerobic process.

Anaerobic endurance

is exemplified by contractions of fast muscle fibers.

Saltatory conduction

is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon.

The neruotransmitter

is stored in the axon terminal of the motor neuron

Which of the following lists the parts of the reflex arc in the correct order.

receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector.

Hypothalamus

regulating body temperature

Precise Muscle movements...

require less motor units, fewer fibers and lesser tension than large , gross muscle movements.

During an action potential, the rapid decrease in sodium permeability and simultaneous increase in potassium permeability is responsible for

the repolarization phase

Which muscle functions in abduction of the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer of

Schwann cells

The generation of an action potential in the sarcolemma is short in duration. Describe why?

AChE acts to breakdown the ACh in the synaptic cleft.

intercalated discs

- Are attached to microfilaments allowing the cells to "pull together" quite efficiently. -Are specialized sites of contact between cardiac muscles cells. - Contain tight junctions that allow the rapid passage of action potentials from cell to cell.

What is the value for the resting membrane potential for the most neurons?

-70mV

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies

The mechanism by which the neurotransmitter is returned to a presynaptic neuron's axon terminal is specific for each neurotransmitter. Which of the following neurotransmitter is broken down by an enzyme before being returned?

ACh

Which of the following events most directly occurs due to an action potential generated by the motor neuron?

ACh is released at the synaptic cleft.

Thin Filaments

Actin , Binding site location for myosin, Binding site location for Ca, troponin, Tropomyosin.

Which of the following statements describes a response of an organ system to exercise?

Cardiovascular system Blood vessels in the skin dilate to allow heat loss and heart rate increases. Muscular system active muscles consume oxygen and generate carbon dioxide and heat.

Binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptors opens _________ channels on the ___________ membrane.

Chemically; post-synaptic.

During which phase is the stimulus frequency so high that the relaxation phase is eliminated?

Complete tetanus

Which gives the correct order of meninges from outside to inside?

Dura mater , arachnoid , pia mater

Which ones compress/elevate the ribs?

External Intercostals

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary gland

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Which are the primary function of the muscular system?

Guard the body's entrances and exits, Move the skeleton, help maintain body temperature, maintain posture.

There are no fibers in muscles of the

Hand and eye

Thick Filaments

Heads that form cross-bridges , binding site location for ATP Myosin.

The bones of the pelvis

Include portions of both axial and appendicular elements.

Which of the following muscles acts to depress the ribs?

Internal Intercostals

muscle fatigue

Is caused by buildup of lactic acid or the depletion of energy reserves.

As you unsuccessfully attempt to lift the 300-pound weighs off the ground, you are demonstrating....

Isometric contraction

The membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to _______ but only slightly permeable to ______

K+ ; Na+

If Broca's ares is damaged, what might result?

Loss of the ability to speak

Which of the following statements is true concerning motor units?

Movement of the eyeball requires fewer muscle fibers with less tension being produced.

Why do an individual muscle twitches have to added together, as in summation or tetanus?

Multiple twitches add up to an increase in muscle fiver tension, which increases the strength of muscles.

Which statement regarding "heat loss" is true?

Muscle contractions play an important role in the maintenance of normal body temperature.

The concentration of which two ions are higher outside the cell.

Na+ and Cl-

The Na+ -K+ pump actively transport both sodium and potassium ions across the membrane to compensate for their constant leakage. In which direction is each ion pumped?

Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is pumped into the cell.

Which shoulder muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula and elevates the ribs if the scapula is stationary?

Pectoralis minor.

A sheath tissue surrounding a bundle of striated muscle fibers is called

Perimysium

In a Synapse, neurotransmitter are stored in vesicles located in the

Presynaptic neuron

Which of the following is a characteristic of slow fibers?

Resting slow muscles fibers contain oxygen reserves, bound to myoglobin.

Smooth muscles tissue lacks

Sarcomeres