Anatomy Exam 3

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: 1. Purkinje cells 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches whats the sequence

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Following are events that occur during the cardiac cycle. 1. Ventricular pressure increases and exceeds pressure in the arteries. 2. Ventricles fill passively. 3. Atrial relaxation begins. 4. Atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into relaxed ventricles. 5. Pressure in ventricles drops and blood flows back against cusps of semilunar valves, forcing them closed. 6. Ventricular contraction pushes 7. AV valves closed. whats the sequence

4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5

________ develop(s) when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.

Autoimmune disorders

Platelets are A) giant, multinucleated cells. B) cellular fragments. C) immature leukocytes. D) fixed macrophages. E) surface antigens.

B) cellular fragments.

The first heart sound ("lubb") is produced as the atrioventricular valves ________ and the semilunar valves ________. A) open; close B) close; open C) open; open D) close; close E) The actions of the valves do not contribute to the heart sounds.

B) close; open

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) kidneys. E) pancreas.

B) lungs.

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the A) pulmonary trunk. B) pulmonary veins. C) aorta. D) inferior vena cava. E) pulmonary arteries.

B) pulmonary veins.

Consider a blood pressure reading of 120/80. 120 corresponds to the A) diastolic pressure. B) systolic pressure. C) pulse pressure. D) mean arterial pressure. E) blood osmotic pressure.

B) systolic pressure.

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? A) growth hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) prolactin D) insulin E) thyroxine

B- follicle-stimulating hormone

The force that tends to reabsorb or pull water back into a capillary is called ________ pressure. A) capillary hydrostatic B) blood osmotic C) arterial D) venous E) pulse

C) arterial

Thick-walled vessels, which are large and extremely resilient, are called ________ arteries. A) coronary B) pulmonary C) elastic D) muscular E) arteriolar

C) elastic

Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell? A) mitochondria B) desmosomes C) gap junctions D) myofibrils E) myoglobin

C) gap junctions

The difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other is called ________, which greatly determines the rate of flow. A) osmotic pressure B) pulse pressure C) pressure gradient D) pressure point E) pulse point

C) pressure gradient

Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system? A) circulation of nutrients B) circulation of hormones C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes D) production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins E) blocking the action of histamine

C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes

The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological processes that follow a day-night pattern is A) melanin. B) thyroxine. C) melatonin. D) corticosteroid. E) aldosterone.

C- Melatonin

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by A) positive feedback. B) the quantity of circulating hormone. C) negative feedback. D) cellular demands. E) body temperature.

C- negative feedback

A person's blood type is determined by the A) size and shape of red blood cells. B) number of antibodies in the plasma. C) chemical character of hemoglobin. D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. E) type of oxygen- and carbon dioxide-binding sites on the hemoglobin molecules.

D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

The posterior pituitary gland stores A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) oxytocin (OT). E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

D-oxytocin

Identify the correct match. A) Systole = relaxation of heart chambers B) Diastole = contraction of heart chambers C) Cardiac output = the amount of blood ejected by the right ventricle in one minute D) Stroke volume = the amount of blood ejected by an atrium in a single beat E) SA node = tissue mass embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium

E) SA node = tissue mass embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium

The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells. B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) help defend the body against pathogens.

E) help defend the body against pathogens.

The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood? A) stabilizing body temperature B) transporting dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes C) defending against toxins and pathogens D) regulating the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites

E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites

Erythropoietin is most likely released under which of the following conditions?

during anemia

Baroreceptors that function in maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain are located in the left ventricle.

false

Erythropoeitin is released when oxygen levels in the blood increase.

false

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the yellow bone marrow.

false

Monocytes are granulocytes.

false

Platelets are phagocytic.

false

The second heart sound is heard when the semilunar valves open.

false

The vessel that supplies blood to the face is the internal carotid artery.

false

Vessels that permit exchange of materials between blood and surrounding interstitial fluid are called venules.

false

When necessary, blood bypasses a capillary bed through arteriovenous shunts.

false

Shock is an acute circulatory crisis marked by

hypotension and inadequate peripheral blood flow.

Blood reaches the brain by two routes: through the ______________ and the _______________ arteries.

internal carotid; vertebral

Which is the action of histamine?

makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue

A hemoglobin molecule contains four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions.

true

B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.

true

Capillaries only have a tunica intima.

true

During ventricular systole, the ventricles are contracting.

true

Histamine makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up flow through the area of damaged tissue.

true

In response to hemorrhage, ADH will promote fluid retention at the kidneys.

true

Neutrophils are active in fighting bacterial infections.

true

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute is called the cardiac output.

true

The average life span of a red blood cell is about 4 months.

true

In which situation would the filling time (duration of ventricular diastole) be the longest?

when heart rate is slow

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. vena cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins whats the sequence

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the A) ventricles. B) atria. C) venae cavae. D) aorta. E) pulmonary trunk.

?

Blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters structures called A) arterial anastomoses. B) venous valves. C) arteriovenous anastomoses. D) precapillary sphincters. E) venules.

?

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. A) hormonal B) cellular C) neural D) membrane E) humoral

?

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) thymosin B) parathyroid hormone C) calcitonin D) aldosterone E) cortisol

?

Lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of emptying into the A) right lymphatic duct. B) subclavian veins. C) inferior vena cava. D) superior vena cava. E) dural sinus.

?

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is A) insulin. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) androgen. E) epinephrine.

?

The property of heart muscle in which it contracts in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called A) tamponade. B) thrombosis. C) autorhythmicity. D) arrhythmias. E) tetanus.

?

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) pituitary dwarfism D) exophthalmos E) gigantism

?

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) parathyroid glands. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.

?

Water and solutes that are not reabsorbed by capillaries ultimately return to the bloodstream by way of A) venules. B) lymphatic vessels. C) distributing arteries. D) arterial anastomoses. E) arteriovenous anastomoses.

?

Which are the primary cells of the lymphatic system? A) pyrogens B) lymphocytes C) mast cells D) lymph nodes E) phagocytes

?

Which hormone is released by the kidneys when blood pressure falls or the oxygen content of the blood becomes abnormally low? A) ADH B) ANP C) angiotensin II D) erythropoietin E) renin

?

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis? A) a reduction in blood loss B) an increase in peripheral blood flow C) the formation of collagen fibers D) an easier passage for neutrophils to the site of injury E) greater availability of calcium

A) a reduction in blood loss

Which condition is described as the formation of lipid deposits in the tunica media associated with damage to the endothelial lining? A) atherosclerosis B) phlebitis C) thrombus D) aneurysm E) pulmonary embolism

A) atherosclerosis

The function of an atrium is to A) collect blood returning to the heart. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) prevent the movement of blood back into the ventricles. E) stabilize the position of the heart valves.

A) collect blood returning to the heart.

Relaxation of the heart chambers is called A) diastole. B) systole. C) depolarization. D) hyperpolarization. E) repolarization.

A) diastole.

A foreign microorganism that may cause disease in humans is called a(n) A) pathogen. B) antigen. C) antibody. D) pathology. E) plaque.

A) pathogen.

The two collecting ducts that ultimately drain the lymphatic vessels are the A) thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. B) lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct. C) intestinal duct and left celiac trunk. D) bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct. E) thyrocervical trunk and bronchomediastinal duct.

A) thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

An important second messenger in hormonal action is A) cAMP. B) calcitriol. C) insulin. D) calcium. E) glucagon.

A-cAMP

Lymph nodes filter lymph before it reaches the veins.

True