anatomy exam 3

Which of the following is not true of parietal cells?

they release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

thoracic duct

The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

Which lymph node structure is dominated by T cells?

paracortex

which structure is located most superior at the hilum of the left lung

pulmonary artery

each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure

pulmonary lobule

Which result of action of the complement system increases the degree of inflammation and accelerates blood flow to the region?

release of histamine

Evan's lungs probably have an abnormally large

residual volume

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

right breast

Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty. (Module 20.3B)

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

small intestine

Damage to the parotid glands would affect the digestion of which nutrient? (Module 22.19B)

starches

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

store and concentrate bile

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

submandibular

Which pair of salivary glands contributes most to saliva production? (Module 22.19C)

submandibular

Which pair of salivary glands secretes substances that reduce oral bacteria populations? (Module 22.19D)

submandibular

Distinguish between the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas. (Module 22.18B)

the exocrine pancreas produces buffers and enzymes and the endocrine pancreas produces hormones

Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in

the release of bicarbonate into the stomach

Describe the drainage of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. (Module 20.3A)

The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm. The thoracic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm and the left side superior to the diaphragm.

Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract? a. Hormonal factors can alter the degree of tension. b. A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules. c. Smooth muscle can contract over a range of lengths due to plasticity. d. Wherever smooth muscle tissue forms layers, the cells are aligned parallel to one another.

b. A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.

Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? a. help control bacterial populations in the mouth b. contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids c. help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents d. contain enzymes for the digestion of carbohydrates e. are mostly water

b. contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin

Which is an expanded, saclike chamber that receives lymph from the inferior part of the abdomen, the pelvis, and the lower limbs?

cisterna chyli

Gastrin secretion is associated with

food arriving in the stomach

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide

Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

What bacterium is responsible for most peptic ulcers? (Module 22.24C)

helicobactor pylori

Define hemorrhoids. (Module 22.17B)

hemorrhoids are distended veins in the distal portion of the rectum

Which of the following cranial nerves are not involved in stimulating salivary reflexes or taste buds?

hypoglossal

which is true regarding the Bohr effect on the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve

if the pH decreases, hemoglobin releases more oxygen

If you were to palpate the small intestine at the hypogastric region of a normal, healthy patient, which portion of their small intestine would you be feeling?

ileum

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?

increases the sensation of hunger

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?

jaundice

Which accessory organ of the digestive system is responsible for almost 200 known functions? (Module 22.18C)

liver

The teniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli all make up the

lower respiratory system

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.

mass

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon

Name the four layers of the digestive tract beginning from the lumen of the digestive tract. (Module 22.2B)

mucosa submucosa muscular layer serosa

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

naturally acquired active

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

naturally acquired passive

Which leukocytes are abundant, mobile, and quick to phagocytize cellular debris or invading bacteria?

neutrophils

emphysema:

occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Gastric pits are

openings into gastric glands

What is the importance of the mesenteries? (Module 22.2A)

they support and stabilize organs of the abdominal cavity and provide a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the at t

transverse colon

Evan complains that the air in his lungs sometimes "doesn't want to go out." Which of the following muscles is likely working harder than normal while trying to get the air out?

transversus thoracis

Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for

vitamin B12 deficiency

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

the vagus nerve innervates the stomach

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except

the venae cavae

Explain lymphedema. (Module 20.3C)

Lymphedema is the accumulation of interstitial fluids that results from blocked lymphatic drainage.

Distinguish between the conducting portion and respiratory portion of the respiratory tract. (Module 21.1B)

The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity and extends through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles. The respiratory portion includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli.

What is the function of parietal cells?

They secrete a glycoprotein that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining.

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except a. the brain b. the spleen c. lymph node organs d. lymphoid nodules e. the thymus

a. the brain

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would not affect the

ability to absorb carbohydrates

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption

Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur? (Module 21.1A)

alveoli

Each of the following is a function of the liver except

antibody production

Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct? a. Individuals with emphysema are not at risk for lung cancer. b. More Americans die from lung cancer than any other form of cancer. c. Only smokers will develop lung cancer. d. Lung cancers are not aggressive.

b. more americans die from lung cancer than any other form of cancer

which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system a. bronchi b. oropharynx c. larynx d. alveoli e. bronchioles

b. oropharynx

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? a. spleen b. pancreas c. appendix d. colon e. esophagus

b. pancreas

which of the following is an accessory expiratory muscle a. scalene muscle b. transversus thoracis muscle c. external intercostal muscle d. diaphragm

b. transverse thoracis muscle

which characteristic is correct regarding an oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve a. Each arriving oxygen molecule decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for the next oxygen molecule. b. Where the slope is steep, a very small change in plasma PO2 will result in a large change in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin or released from oxyhemoglobin. c. Venous blood, leaving peripheral tissues, contains minimal oxygen reserves. d. Blood entering the systemic circuit has a PCO2 of 95 mm Hg.

b. where the slope is steep, a very small change in the plasma Po2 will result in a large change in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin or released from oxyhemoglobin

In passive immunity, the

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal

Which of the following does not describe how products of fat digestion are absorbed and transported?

brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system

Cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion __________.

causes a relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gallbladder

Which characteristic of saliva is correct? a. Collectively, the salivary glands produce 200 mL of saliva each day. b. About 70 percent of the saliva originates in the sublingual salivary glands. c. Buffers in the saliva keep the pH of the mouth near 4.0. d. Parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands.

d. Parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands.

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except a. pylorus. b. fundus. c. cardia. d. ileum. e. body.

d. ileum

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats

Colon cancer is the #3 cancer killer. Whether you are a man or a woman, current guidelines urge you to have a colonoscopy screening when you reach age 50 because a. colon cancer is treatable with surgery if caught in time with a colonoscopy, but you could die if you don't get screened. b. colon cancer is the #3 cancer killer, behind breast and lung cancer for women, so you could die if you don't get screened. c. early colon cancer often has no symptoms, which is why screening is so important, so you could die if you don't get screened. d. colon cancer is the #3 cancer killer, behind prostate and lung cancer for men, so you could die if you don't get screened. e. all of the answers are correct, and you could die if you don't have a screening colonoscopy when you reach age 50.

e. all the answers are correct, and you could die if you don't have a screening colonoscopy when you reach age 50

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the a. pharynx. b. stomach. c. colon. d. esophagus. e. bladder.

e. bladder

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? a. absorption b. mechanical processing c. compaction d. ingestion e. filtration

e. filtration

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the a. nasal cavity. b. pharynx. c. nose. d. paranasal sinuses. e. lips.

e. lips

Evan is most likely suffering from

emphysema

Enteritis is:

inflammation of the small intestine

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.

innate

Which of the following are secreted by T cells and NK cells and stimulate macrophage activity?

interferon gamma

Complement:

is a system of circulating proteins that assists antibodies in the destruction of pathogens

respiratory minute volume, Ve:

is calculated by multiplying the respiratory rate, f, by the tidal volume, Vt

most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood:

is converted to carbonic acid

The bile duct:

is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

internal respiration _____

is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

How would the pH of the intestinal contents be affected if the small intestine did not produce secretin? (Module 22.14B)

it would be more acidic than normal

Why might severing the branches of the vagus nerves that supply the stomach provide relief for a person who suffers from chronic gastric ulcers (sores on the stomach lining)? (Module 22.15C)

it would block parasympathetic stimulation of gastric secretions

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

The haustra of the large intestine:

permit the expansion and elongation of the colon

Explain the significance of peritoneal fluid. (Module 22.9C)

prevent friction and irritation when digestive organs move

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins