anatomy extra credit regional anatomy

A race car driver was hit by another race car and slammed into the track wall. The impact led to a skull fracture that left the race car driver deaf for the rest of his life. Where do you suspect the skull fracture was located?

The petrous part of the temporal bone

Norma has just finished going through menopause and can now feel a "bump" in her perineum when she wipes after urinating. After visiting her urologist, she has learned that she has a prolapsed bladder (cystocele). It is determined that a device (pessary) will be nonsurgically placed in order to best hold the bladder in place. Within which pelvic organ(s) will the pessary be placed?

Vagina

Prior to shoulder surgery, Martin was given a brachial plexus anesthetic block at the C5 spinal nerve just as it emerged from its intervertebral foramen. Rather than the anticipated numbness in his shoulder, Martin started seizing. Due to its proximity, what vessel was accidently injected with the anesthetic agent to cause a seizure?

Vertebral artery

A woman suffered a whiplash injury in a car accident. A day after the accident she was admitted to the hospital after showing signs of a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). How might the two be related to each other?

Whiplash caused injury to the cervical spine thereby affecting the transverse foramen and leading to a blockage of the vertebral arteries.

Finding it difficult to breathe, a professor who suffers from multiple sclerosis had an MRI of her spinal cord to evaluate the progression of the disease. Lesions were detected in the cervical spinal cord. The involvement of the cervical spinal cord has affected the_______________ by interfering with the function of the_____________ muscle.

inhalation; diaphragm

Ah Lam is in the emergency room suffering from angina and shortness of breath. Chest x-rays reveal a mass between the apex of the heart and the left lung. Which of the following structures may also be affected by the mass?

Anterior interventricular artery

Andy, a long distance runner, ran a full marathon on Saturday and by the following Monday he was experiencing excruciating pain in his leg. In addition, he had lost the ability to dorsiflex his ankle (a condition termed "foot drop"). It was clear to the physical therapist that Andy had developed compartment syndrome. What leg artery has been compressed, affecting the crural muscles?

Anterior tibial artery

Mario was racing on his bicycle when he accidentally hit a pole. He was taken to the hospital and X-rays were taken of his skull. A sagittal fracture across the calvaria was revealed with subsequent development of hydrocephaly. What structure has most likely been affected by the fracture?

Arachnoid granulations

Carlos suffers from gallstones, and currently one is blocking his common bile duct. Which of the following statements describes what the stone is blocking?

Bile is blocked from entering the small intestine, but pancreatic juice is not blocked.

Riley is walking behind a woman at the pool and notices that her wet footprints on the cement are different than his. While the woman has the characteristic contoured footprint shape, Riley's footprints appear to have the entirety of his sole touching the ground. Riley is concerned that he is showing signs of fallen arches, and bones that should not be in contact with the ground now are. Which of the following bones make up the arch that has fallen in Riley's foot? Check all that apply.

Calcaneus Medial cuneiform Navicular

Once he turned 70, Jack began experiencing accidental urine leakage (urinary incontinence). During which phase of the breathing cycle do you expect Jack was experiencing more episodes of incontinence and why?

During inhalation when intrathoracic pressure was lowered and intraabdominal pressure was raised

As Matt was rushing to get to the bus stop on time, he accidently stepped off the curb awkwardly and sprained his ankle. Which type of sprain did Matt likely suffer and why?

He probably suffered an overinversion sprain due to the weakness of the lateral ligament.

As a result of increased intracranial pressure due to a developing hydrocephaly, Phillip starts developing irregularities in his breathing rhythm. What do you suspect the physician will discover on an MRI of Phillip's head?

Herniation of the medulla oblongata through his foramen magnum

Damage to the hypothalamus can result in widespread effects around the body. Which of the following functions is not regulated by the hypothalamus?

Increase in blood calcium levels

Edward had to undergo a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), a procedure to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A portion of the prostate is removed in order to clear the obstruction for urine flow. The instrument used in the procedure (a resectoscope) is placed into the external urethral orifice and is advanced through the urethra to the prostate gland. What structure will the resectoscope not pass through along its course to the prostate gland?

Internal urethral sphincter

Spasticity (tightening) of the popliteus muscle prevents the knee from "unlocking" out of the extended ("locked") position immediately prior to knee flexion. What movement is part of "locking" the knee?

Lateral rotation of the tibia

Romilia is a cardiothoracic surgery resident performing her first open heart surgery. She performs a median sternotomy to open the thorax anteriorly and then opens the pericardium. From this view, which of the heart chambers can she not visualize?

Left atrium

When coronary arteries are partially blocked by plaque, an angioplasty procedure can be performed to help open the blockage. In an angioplasty, a catheter is inserted into a peripheral artery and carefully moved to the aorta. Once the catheter reaches the ascending aorta, what is the appropriate route for the physician to take in order to reach the anterior interventricular artery?

Left coronary artery to anterior interventricular artery

Gerald was out on a bright sunny day trimming the shrubs in his yard. His dog saw a squirrel and ran past Gerald startling him and causing him to drop the weed-whacker. The cord of the weed-whacker left a deep gash in Gerald's lateral leg at the head of the fibula. Which of the following is a result of Gerald's injury?

Loss of the ability to dorsiflex at the ankle

Angiography was performed on Vince that revealed an aneurysm of his abdominal aorta. It was determined that the aneurysm was located between the inferior mesenteric artery and the right common iliac artery. Will blood supply to the kidneys be obstructed by the aneurysm?

No

Jonathan was not wearing a helmet while riding his bicycle. He lost control of his bike after hitting a rock on the street. After the fall and losing consciousness, he was taken to the ER where X-rays revealed a fracture of the cranial base across the posterior cranial fossa. Which cranial bone was fractured?

Occipital

Marianne tore her subscapularis muscle while she was pitching a baseball. Which of the following muscles can help compensate for the action of the subscapularis muscle while Marianne recovers?

Pectoralis major

Louis got punched in the jaw by a neighbor during a dispute. Following the punch, Louis' lower teeth and skin over the chin were numb. What structure was most directly injured to produce the numbness?

Posterior (internal) aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Cherie has been diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which of the following parts of the sympathetic nervous system could be affected when Cherie's surgeon attempts to fix her AAA?

Prevertebral ganglion

Which of the following parts of the body is not innervated by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Skin

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) "pumps" blood through the heart via external chest compressions. Chest compressions are effective due to the heart's position between two bony structures. Which of the following bony structures is the heart found between?

Sternum and vertebral column

In the middle of a very frigid winter, Judy developed a cold that left her feeling congested. Her nose was plugged up and it hurt quite a bit to swallow. To make matters worse her upper teeth began to be painful. When she visited her dentist, she was surprised to find out that her teeth were fine. What do you suspect the dentist had discovered?

The dentist had discovered that Judy was now suffering from inflammation in her maxillary sinuses (sinusitis) which irritated the roots of her upper teeth.

Eiji was chewing a tough piece of meat when he accidentally bit his cheek. Which structure of the oral cavity might he have damaged?

The duct of a gland that produces only serous secretions

A thrombus lodged in the popliteal artery following Rafael's knee surgery will prevent blood from perfusing his _________________ possibly leading to pain, pallor, and possibly paralysis.

foot

When Charles was on a flight to attend a business conference, he noticed that when he yawned his ears would "pop" as pressure equalized within them. The popping occurs as equalization is achieved by _________ muscles opening the auditory tubes.

tensor veli palatini