anatomy final 2023

the muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have

20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers; 80 percent slow twitch muscle fibers

What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes?

26

How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?

3

How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined?

60

the muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have

80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers; 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

A fontanelle ________.

a short, rounded spinous process

A typical lumbar vertebra has ________.

lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process

A typical vertebra has _________.

endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum

Embryonic development if the axial skeleton involves __________.

sella turcica

Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ___________.

hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

The bony openings of the skull include ______________.

7 vertebrae

The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ________________.

occipital bone

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________.

has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

The middle cranial fossa ____________.

air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

The paranasal sinuses are __________.

are remnants of the original fetal curvature

The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ___________.

junction between the manubrium and body

The sternal angle is the _________.

has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

The sternum ________.

is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

The tubercle of a rib ___________.

attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

True ribs are ________.

nuchal ligament

Which is found only in the cervical region of the vertebral column?

parietal bone

Which of the following is a bone of the brain case?

supports trunk of body

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?

vertebral column

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

A syndesmosis is ________.

a fibrous joint that unites parallel bones

what is the linea alba?

a long tendon that runs down the middle of the rectus abdominus

which of the following helps an agonist work?

a synergist

A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________.

acromioclavicular joint

What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?

acromion

the location of a muscle's insertion and origin can determine

action

which of the following are joined by symphysis?

adjacent vertebrae

The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an intervertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?

amphiarthrosis

A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to

anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter

A gomphosis _________.

anchors the tooth to the jaw

which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?

at rest, uses shiedling proteins to cover activing binding sites

which muscles stabilize the pectoral girdle?

axial and scapular

which element is important in directly triggering contraction?

calcium

muscle relaxation occurs when

calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint?

capitulum

Movement of a body region in a circular movement at a condyloid joint is what type of motion?

circumduction

cardiac muscles differ from skeletal in that they

contain intercalated discs

during which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension greatest?

contraction phase

Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly.

coracoid process

synovial joints _________.

develop at an inter-zone site

The clavicle ________.

develops via intramembranous ossification

which muscle pair plays a role in respiration?

diaphragm, scalene

which motion moves the bottom of the foot away from the midline of the body?

eversion

which muscle name does not make sense?

extensor minimus longus

which of the following statements is true?

fast fibers have large glycogen reserves

the correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is

filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascile

the axial skeleton __________

forms the vertical axis of the body

A synchondrosis is ________.

found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage

what is the largest muscle in the lower leg?

gastrocnemius

Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus?

greater tubercle

During endochondral ossification of a long bone, ________.

growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening

Supination is the motion that moves the ________.

hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position

The radius bone ________.

has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

The pelvis ________.

has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone?

ilium

condyloid joints _________.

include the radiocarpal joint

The ankle joint ________.

is a uniaxial hinge joint

A cartilagineus joint _________.

is called symphysis when the bones are unified by fibrocartilage

The tibia ________.

is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

proximal radial ulnar joint ________.

is supported by the annular ligament

Which of the following supports body weight when sitting?

ischial tuberosity

The joints between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae can contribute to which movement?

lateral flexion

The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures?

lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch

Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments?

lesser trochanter

which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis?

manubriosternal joint

What structure contributes to the knee joint?

medial condyle of the tibia

which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?

metacarpophalangeal joint

drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?

none of the above

where is the temporalis muscle located?

on the side of the head

which muscle has a convergent pattern of fascicles?

pectoralis major

what aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?

phosphate bonds

which of the following abdominal muscles is not part of the anterior abdominal wall?

quadratus oblique

the vastus intermedius muscle is deep to which of the following muscles?

rectus femoris

the cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called

sarcolemma

thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called

sarcomeres

which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?

satellite cells

Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row?

scaphoid

which of the following statements is false?

slow fibers have a small network of capillaries

Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?

sternal end

which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion?

sternocleidomastoid

muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being

striated

Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula?

supraspinous fossa

The epiphyseal plate of a growing long been in a child is classified as a __________.

synchondrosis

which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula?

syndesmosis

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?

talus

which of the following statements is correct about what happens during flexion?

the angle between bones is decreased

an example of a wide fibrous joint is _______.

the interosseous membrane of the forearm

which is the origin of the wrist flexors?

the medial epicondyle of the humerus

which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?

the muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides

during muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when

the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule

which is moved the least during muscle contraction?

the origin

Endochondral ossification is ______.

the process that replaces hyaline cartilage with bone tissue

Which event takes place during the seventh week of development?

the rotation of the limbs

which muscle produces movement that allows you to cross your legs?

the sartorius

which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?

they are resistant to fatigue

which of the following is unique to the muscle of facial expression?

they insert into the skin

the rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the

trapezius

which muscle extends the forearm?

triceps brachii

in relaxed muscle, the myosin binding site on actin is blocked by

tropomyosin