anatomy final 2023
the muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have
20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers; 80 percent slow twitch muscle fibers
What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes?
26
How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?
3
How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined?
60
the muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have
80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers; 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones
A fontanelle ________.
a short, rounded spinous process
A typical lumbar vertebra has ________.
lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process
A typical vertebra has _________.
endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum
Embryonic development if the axial skeleton involves __________.
sella turcica
Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ___________.
hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa
The bony openings of the skull include ______________.
7 vertebrae
The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ________________.
occipital bone
The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________.
has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum
The middle cranial fossa ____________.
air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only
The paranasal sinuses are __________.
are remnants of the original fetal curvature
The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ___________.
junction between the manubrium and body
The sternal angle is the _________.
has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body
The sternum ________.
is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra
The tubercle of a rib ___________.
attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum
True ribs are ________.
nuchal ligament
Which is found only in the cervical region of the vertebral column?
parietal bone
Which of the following is a bone of the brain case?
supports trunk of body
Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?
vertebral column
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
A syndesmosis is ________.
a fibrous joint that unites parallel bones
what is the linea alba?
a long tendon that runs down the middle of the rectus abdominus
which of the following helps an agonist work?
a synergist
A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________.
acromioclavicular joint
What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?
acromion
the location of a muscle's insertion and origin can determine
action
which of the following are joined by symphysis?
adjacent vertebrae
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an intervertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?
amphiarthrosis
A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to
anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
A gomphosis _________.
anchors the tooth to the jaw
which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?
at rest, uses shiedling proteins to cover activing binding sites
which muscles stabilize the pectoral girdle?
axial and scapular
which element is important in directly triggering contraction?
calcium
muscle relaxation occurs when
calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint?
capitulum
Movement of a body region in a circular movement at a condyloid joint is what type of motion?
circumduction
cardiac muscles differ from skeletal in that they
contain intercalated discs
during which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension greatest?
contraction phase
Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly.
coracoid process
synovial joints _________.
develop at an inter-zone site
The clavicle ________.
develops via intramembranous ossification
which muscle pair plays a role in respiration?
diaphragm, scalene
which motion moves the bottom of the foot away from the midline of the body?
eversion
which muscle name does not make sense?
extensor minimus longus
which of the following statements is true?
fast fibers have large glycogen reserves
the correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is
filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascile
the axial skeleton __________
forms the vertical axis of the body
A synchondrosis is ________.
found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage
what is the largest muscle in the lower leg?
gastrocnemius
Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus?
greater tubercle
During endochondral ossification of a long bone, ________.
growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening
Supination is the motion that moves the ________.
hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position
The radius bone ________.
has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
The pelvis ________.
has a subpubic angle that is larger in females
Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone?
ilium
condyloid joints _________.
include the radiocarpal joint
The ankle joint ________.
is a uniaxial hinge joint
A cartilagineus joint _________.
is called symphysis when the bones are unified by fibrocartilage
The tibia ________.
is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane
proximal radial ulnar joint ________.
is supported by the annular ligament
Which of the following supports body weight when sitting?
ischial tuberosity
The joints between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae can contribute to which movement?
lateral flexion
The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures?
lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch
Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments?
lesser trochanter
which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis?
manubriosternal joint
What structure contributes to the knee joint?
medial condyle of the tibia
which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?
metacarpophalangeal joint
drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?
none of the above
where is the temporalis muscle located?
on the side of the head
which muscle has a convergent pattern of fascicles?
pectoralis major
what aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?
phosphate bonds
which of the following abdominal muscles is not part of the anterior abdominal wall?
quadratus oblique
the vastus intermedius muscle is deep to which of the following muscles?
rectus femoris
the cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called
sarcolemma
thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called
sarcomeres
which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?
satellite cells
Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row?
scaphoid
which of the following statements is false?
slow fibers have a small network of capillaries
Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
sternal end
which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion?
sternocleidomastoid
muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being
striated
Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula?
supraspinous fossa
The epiphyseal plate of a growing long been in a child is classified as a __________.
synchondrosis
which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula?
syndesmosis
Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?
talus
which of the following statements is correct about what happens during flexion?
the angle between bones is decreased
an example of a wide fibrous joint is _______.
the interosseous membrane of the forearm
which is the origin of the wrist flexors?
the medial epicondyle of the humerus
which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?
the muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides
during muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when
the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule
which is moved the least during muscle contraction?
the origin
Endochondral ossification is ______.
the process that replaces hyaline cartilage with bone tissue
Which event takes place during the seventh week of development?
the rotation of the limbs
which muscle produces movement that allows you to cross your legs?
the sartorius
which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?
they are resistant to fatigue
which of the following is unique to the muscle of facial expression?
they insert into the skin
the rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the
trapezius
which muscle extends the forearm?
triceps brachii
in relaxed muscle, the myosin binding site on actin is blocked by
tropomyosin