Anatomy Final Review

Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid?

ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________

CAT-CGT

Which of the letters in the ABCD rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

D stands for diagnosis

The movement of substance through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ______process

active

__________ tissue is commonly called fat

adipose

The building blocks of all matter are known as _______

atoms

The building blocks of proteins are _______

atoms

The armpit area is called the ________ region

axillary

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________

cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

cartilage

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix ________ tissue

connective

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum _________

corneum

The only dry membrane is the _________

cutaneous membrane

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is _______

cytokinesis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________

cytoplasm

The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by _______

decomposition reactions

Jacinda tore her Achilles tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________

dense connective tissue

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: _________, __________, and __________

deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

The vertebral region is ______ to the sternal region

dorsal (posterior)

The component of a control system that provides the mean for the control center's response (output) is called the _______

effector

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ______ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts

exocrine

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are _______

gap junctions

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ______

homeostasis

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

increased temperature

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

ionic bond

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ______

melanin

_________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body

metabolism

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body is a (n) __________

organ

Bone is best described as ________

osseous tissue

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

scar tissue

In attempting to extinguish a stove fire, Renaldo burned his hands. The burned areas blistered and were red and painful. Renaldo experienced ________- degree burns

second

The type of burn that involves injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis and is red, blistered, and painful is termed as a ______- degree burn

second

The pleura and pericardium are examples of _______ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior

serous

The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is _________

simple columnar

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______

simple squamous epithelium

_______ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells

smooth

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in walls of blood vessels is ________

smooth muscle

The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original _________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis

stimulus

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control center?

stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, effector, response

The femoral region is _______ to the cural region

superior (proximal)

The _______ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints

synovial

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane?

synovial membrane

What occurs when acid is added to a solution with a pH of 7

the pH drops below 7

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________

thymine

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order are, are ________ and _________

transcription; translation

The atom's outermost shell is known as its _______ shell

valence

The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the ________ layer

visceral