Anatomy Final (review: Exam 2 of 4)

The portion of a sarcomere that contains the thick filaments or myosin and the zone of overlap is the:

"A" band

A patient is unable to articulate clearly with their tongue, pathology would be associated with cranial nerve:

XII (cranial nerve 12-The hypoglossal nerve)

Triceps brachii is opposed in extension of the elbow by the antagonistic muscle:

brachialis

Which organ contains 98% of the neurons in the body?

brain

The muscle that can both extend and adduct the arm at the shoulder is (the):

latissimus dorsi

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for:

muscle contraction

When you eat a steak, you are eating a skeletal muscle. The smallest fiber that you can see with your eye is :

muscle fascicle

Which of these orders of muscle structures progresses from the smallest to largest in diameter?

myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle.

Which of the following is NOT involved in the molecular filament of actin?

myosin

Cranial nerves that originate sympathetic components are:

none of the above combinations is correct.

Which of the following muscle allows flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at the shoulder?

pectoralis major

The sarcolemma is (the):

plasmalemma of skeletal muscle fibers.

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are:

proprioceptors

Afferent fibers may be classified as:

somatic and visceral

Which muscle has its origin in the lateral border of the scapula:

teres minor

Calcium binds to:

troponin

A skeletal muscle's blood supply is generally best described as:

very good

The descending tract of the spinal cord conveys:

visceral and somatic motor information

When a patient turns their head rapidly from side to side while fixing their eyes on a stationary object straight ahead, it appears the eyes do not move in opposite direction of the head turning. Pathology would be associated with:

(D. III, IV, VI) (3-The oculomotor nerve, 4-The trochlear nerve, 6-The abducens nerve)

Which of the following cranial nerves transmit sensory impulses from the taste buds?

(D. VII,IX,X) (7-The facial nerve, 9-The glossopharyngeal nerve, 10-vagus nerve)

Which of the following proteins are associated with the thin filament?

(D. a and c) (nebulin, troponin)

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the elbow?

(D. all of the above) (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis)

Which of the following are true?

(E. A and B are true) (visceral motor and somatic motor originate from the ventral horn of the spinal chord, visceral motor may also synapse in the sympathetic ganglion.)

Which of the following is/are a unique property of muscle tissue found in the heart?

(E. A and B) (Intercalated discs, Spontaneously depolarized or contracts)

The patellar reflex:

(E. A, B and C are correct) (is controlled by muscle spindle apparatus in the quadriceps group, the sensory information proceeds through the dorsal root ganglion, the response is sent through the ventral root)

Which of the following are true regarding a skeletal muscle cell?

(E. A, B and C) (skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated, acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter, skeletal muscle cells can be referred as muscle fibers.)

Older individuals sometimes use large amounts of perfume because they lose their sense of smell; this is related to:

A decrease in the number of olfactory receptors.

At rest, which of the following is bound to the myosin head?

ADP

Actions for which the sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible include:

Acceleration of the heart rate and increase in strength of cardiac contractions.

Which of the following are special senses?

All of the above (sight, smell, taste, hearing)

Cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic components are:

III, VII, IX, X

Acetylcholine is released by:

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers

The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of:

Sensory neurons

The theory that explains muscle contraction is formally known as the:

Sliding filament theory

In class, Dr. Johnson has emphasized the organization of the nervous system. Identify the most accurate statement:

Sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord at the ventral root and are limited to efferent fibers.

The primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to:

The CNS from general circulation

Which of the following neuroglia cells form CSF?

The ependymal cell

The sympathetic division of the ANS differs from the parasympathetic division of the ANS in that:

The postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system are relatively longer than those of the parasympathetic system.

The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon:

The presence or absence of a myelin sheath.

The major divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) include:

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

In the ANS:

There is always a synapse between CNS motor neuron and the peripheral effector

Which of the following best describes rigor mortis?

Without ATP, myosin heads remain attached to the active site of actin.

Which cranial nerve supports most of the visceral effectors?

X

The direct energy supply produced by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles that enables them to contract is:

adenosine triphosphate, ATP

General functions of the parasympathetic division include:

all of the above

Another name for a muscle that is the prime mover is agonist. What opposes the agonist?

antagonist

The groove on the anterior surface of the spinal cord that is lined by pia matter is:

anterior median fissure.

Proprioceptors provide information about which of the following?

arm muscle stretch

Which neural tissue cell type is likely to be malfunctioning if the blood-brain barrier is no longer adequately protecting the brain?

astrocytes

Different types of neuroglial cells include:

astrocytes, ependymal and Schwann cells

Which muscle inserts in the radial tuberosity?

biceps brachii

Which of the following does not originate on the humerus?

biceps brachii

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores:

calcium ions

Functions of the cerebrospinal fluid include all of the following except:

carrying electrical impulses to stimulate the neural cortex

The space between the dura matter and pia matter can be often thought of as the subarachnoid space. What is in this space?

cerebral spinal fluid

Neurons in the hypothalamus that respond to carbon dioxide and acid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are:

chemoreceptors

Taste receptors are:

chemoreceptors

Which muscle inserts into the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus:

deltoid

The most superficial layer of the meninges is the:

dura mater

The layers of connective tissue surrounding muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are:

endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium