Anatomy II ( exam 1 )

Adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines

epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

Potassium deficit is termed Hyperkalemia

false

Non-steroid hormones bind to ___ in plasma membrane while steroid hormones bind to ___ inside cell

fixed receptor and mobile receptor

What kind of tissues make up endocrine glands:

glandular epithelial,&/or nervous

Calcitonin:

has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.

Thirst center

located at the hypothalamus and the sufornical organ (SFO) of the brain.

Hormones bind to specific ____ on the membrane or inside the cell:

receptors

Whole blood constitutes about what percent of total body weight?

8%

Blood Hydrostatic Pressure

tends to force fluid OUT of capillaries and INTO interstitial fluid

The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the

transcription of RNA.

One hormone acts as a primer allowing the second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell.

Permissive

When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called

Permissiveness.

Plasma is a straw-colored fluid that accounts for more than half of the blood volume.

True

Platelets are important for blood clotting and hemostasis.

True

Some endocrine glands are actually made of nervous tissue

True

The fixed-membrane-receptor model is used in describing the action of nonsteroid hormones.

True

The most significant player regulating ICF composition is plasma membrane.

True

The terms packed cell volume and hematocrit are interchangeable.

True

Thirst is associated with any condition that decreases total volume of body water.

True

he nervous system functions with much faster speed than the endocrine system:

True

Glucocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland

Zona Fasciculata

Mineralocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland?

Zona Glomerulosa

Gonadocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland

Zona reticularis

Under the microscope, erythrocytes appear as:

biconcave disks without nuclei

An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the:

Thyroid Gland

A hormone is able to stimulate more cells than a neurotransmitter.

True

Non-steroid hormones include the following 4 subgroups:

1) Amine 2) peptide 3) protein 4 ) glycoprotein

A person with no antibodies in the blood plasma would have which blood type?

AB

The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for:

ADH and Oxytocin

One hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.

Antagonistic

Dehydration is detected by loss of skin elasticity.

True

The common molecule from which all steroid hormones are derived is:

Cholesterol

The most abundant anion in ECF is:

Cl-

Which of the two major types of glands is ductless

Endocrine and parathyroid

Which of the following are not found in the buffy coat?

Erythrocytes

A major function of the pineal gland is the development of the lymphatic system.

False

If a person takes nothing by mouth for several days, fluid output decreases to zero to compensate and maintain homeostasis.

False

Oxygen deficiency increases leukocyte numbers by increasing the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys.

False

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are neurotransmitters.

False

The number of hormone receptors a cell has remains constant throughout the life of the cell.

False

The two factors that determine urine volume are:

GFR and Reabsorption by renal tubules

Insulin and glucagon affect the body's use of:

Glucose

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

Heparin

The chemical messenger of the endocrine system are called

Hormones

The structure in the body that provides the "mind-body" link is the:

Hypothalamus

The structure in the body that provides the "mind-body" link is the:

Hypothalmus

No net transfer of water occurs between blood and IF as long as effective filtration pressure (EFP) equals 0.

True

The most abundant cation in ICF is

K+

SFO

Located at the roof of the 3rd ventricle.

One reason that blood is effective in heat regulation is that it has a high specific heat.

True

The most abundant Cation in ECF is

Na+

Insulin secretion is controlled by a __feedback mechanism.

Negative

One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is:

Oxytocin

A tissue hormone involved in fever development:

PGE

Name an endocrine gland that responds to humoral (Ca++ levels) stimuli

Parathyroid

The compound that is referred to as a tissue hormone is

Prostaglandin

List two groups of tissue hormones:

Prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Gene regulation is associated with __ mechanism.

Steroid

Which group of hormones is transported in blood with the help of protein carriers:

Steroid

PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating vitamin D.

True

ncrease in the number of receptors for a hormone is known as _____ and increases sensitivity of target cells to the hormone:

Up-regulation

The most widely used classification of hormones (steroid-nonsteroid) is based on differences:

chemical structure

The precursor molecule from which all steroid hormones are synthesized is:

cholesterol

A second messenger ____ is involved in ____ signaling mechanism:

cyclic AMP and non-steroid

Aged individuals of either sex may have less total body water because of their:

decrease in muscle mass