Anatomy II ( exam 1 )
Adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines
epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)
Potassium deficit is termed Hyperkalemia
false
Non-steroid hormones bind to ___ in plasma membrane while steroid hormones bind to ___ inside cell
fixed receptor and mobile receptor
What kind of tissues make up endocrine glands:
glandular epithelial,&/or nervous
Calcitonin:
has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
Thirst center
located at the hypothalamus and the sufornical organ (SFO) of the brain.
Hormones bind to specific ____ on the membrane or inside the cell:
receptors
Whole blood constitutes about what percent of total body weight?
8%
Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
tends to force fluid OUT of capillaries and INTO interstitial fluid
The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the
transcription of RNA.
One hormone acts as a primer allowing the second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell.
Permissive
When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called
Permissiveness.
Plasma is a straw-colored fluid that accounts for more than half of the blood volume.
True
Platelets are important for blood clotting and hemostasis.
True
Some endocrine glands are actually made of nervous tissue
True
The fixed-membrane-receptor model is used in describing the action of nonsteroid hormones.
True
The most significant player regulating ICF composition is plasma membrane.
True
The terms packed cell volume and hematocrit are interchangeable.
True
Thirst is associated with any condition that decreases total volume of body water.
True
he nervous system functions with much faster speed than the endocrine system:
True
Glucocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland
Zona Fasciculata
Mineralocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland?
Zona Glomerulosa
Gonadocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland
Zona reticularis
Under the microscope, erythrocytes appear as:
biconcave disks without nuclei
An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the:
Thyroid Gland
A hormone is able to stimulate more cells than a neurotransmitter.
True
Non-steroid hormones include the following 4 subgroups:
1) Amine 2) peptide 3) protein 4 ) glycoprotein
A person with no antibodies in the blood plasma would have which blood type?
AB
The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for:
ADH and Oxytocin
One hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.
Antagonistic
Dehydration is detected by loss of skin elasticity.
True
The common molecule from which all steroid hormones are derived is:
Cholesterol
The most abundant anion in ECF is:
Cl-
Which of the two major types of glands is ductless
Endocrine and parathyroid
Which of the following are not found in the buffy coat?
Erythrocytes
A major function of the pineal gland is the development of the lymphatic system.
False
If a person takes nothing by mouth for several days, fluid output decreases to zero to compensate and maintain homeostasis.
False
Oxygen deficiency increases leukocyte numbers by increasing the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys.
False
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are neurotransmitters.
False
The number of hormone receptors a cell has remains constant throughout the life of the cell.
False
The two factors that determine urine volume are:
GFR and Reabsorption by renal tubules
Insulin and glucagon affect the body's use of:
Glucose
Which of the following is an anticoagulant?
Heparin
The chemical messenger of the endocrine system are called
Hormones
The structure in the body that provides the "mind-body" link is the:
Hypothalamus
The structure in the body that provides the "mind-body" link is the:
Hypothalmus
No net transfer of water occurs between blood and IF as long as effective filtration pressure (EFP) equals 0.
True
The most abundant cation in ICF is
K+
SFO
Located at the roof of the 3rd ventricle.
One reason that blood is effective in heat regulation is that it has a high specific heat.
True
The most abundant Cation in ECF is
Na+
Insulin secretion is controlled by a __feedback mechanism.
Negative
One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is:
Oxytocin
A tissue hormone involved in fever development:
PGE
Name an endocrine gland that responds to humoral (Ca++ levels) stimuli
Parathyroid
The compound that is referred to as a tissue hormone is
Prostaglandin
List two groups of tissue hormones:
Prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Gene regulation is associated with __ mechanism.
Steroid
Which group of hormones is transported in blood with the help of protein carriers:
Steroid
PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating vitamin D.
True
ncrease in the number of receptors for a hormone is known as _____ and increases sensitivity of target cells to the hormone:
Up-regulation
The most widely used classification of hormones (steroid-nonsteroid) is based on differences:
chemical structure
The precursor molecule from which all steroid hormones are synthesized is:
cholesterol
A second messenger ____ is involved in ____ signaling mechanism:
cyclic AMP and non-steroid
Aged individuals of either sex may have less total body water because of their:
decrease in muscle mass