Anatomy II Quiz 6 review
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Liver
Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Mastication of food
What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?
Mixing of intestinal contents
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with ingested food?
Mucosa
Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?
Mucosa
Which of the following is correctly matched?
Muscularis - responsible for peristalsis
Which part of the pharynx is NOT involved with food transport?
Nasopharynx
George has to have his gallbladder removed. His friend told him he can no longer eat fats because he will no longer produce bile. Is this an accurate description of George's future diet?
No; the gallbladder only stores the bile that is produced by the liver.
What are the two major neurotransmitters of the enteric nervous system?
Norepinephrine and acetylcholine
Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?
Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What muscle forms the lips?
Orbicularis oris muscle
What is the function of interstitial cells of the myenteric plexus?
Pacemaker cells that promote rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle
Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tissue?
Pancreas
Which of the following is associated with the tongue?
Papillae and taste buds
Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?
Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid
Oliver received a blow to the left side of his head, just anterior to his ear. Which of the following digestive structures was likely affected?
Parotid salivary gland
Which of the following enzymes digests protein?
Pepsin
Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?
Pepsin
Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?
Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor
What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?
Peristalsis
Which of the following statements applies to the ileocecal sphincter?
Peristaltic contractions reaching this sphincter cause it to relax.
Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?
Proper environment for functioning of pepsin
_________ is the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Propulsion
Which of the following pairs describing structures of teeth is mismatched?
Pulp cavity - cementum
Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?
Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach
Which of the following might happen if a person begins laughing while swallowing a liquid?
Relaxation of the soft palate allows liquid to enter the nasal cavity.
Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?
Rugae
Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function?
Salivary amylase - begins protein digestion
Which of the following statements concerning digestion in the stomach is not true?
Salivary amylase will eventually be inactivated in the stomach, halting carbohydrate digestion.
Which of the following is NOT a type of propulsion in the digestive tract?
Segmental contraction
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Segmental contractions
Which of the following is located closest to the rectum?
Sigmoid colon
Which of the following is NOT a necessary function of the tongue?
Speech
What is the role of serotonin in the digestive tract?
Stimulate motility
Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?
Stomach
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate bile
Which of the following is mismatched?
Sympathetic nerve fibers - increase intestinal motility
Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?
Synthesize bile
What is ascites?
The excess accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle?
The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.
Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?
The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
How does the muscularis layer of the esophagus differ from the rest of the digestive tract?
The superior part is skeletal muscle.
Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?
Trypsin
Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of deglutition?
Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is_________.
absorption
Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in
absorption of food.
The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the
active transport of H+ from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.
Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include_________.
amylase, maltase, and sucrase
Teeth in adults
are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw.
The pancreatic islets_________.
are endocrine glands
Lipid-soluble drugs placed under the tongue
are quickly dissolved and absorbed.
Chylomicrons
are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.
Contact digestion takes place in/at the_________.
brush border of the small intestine
Gastrocolic reflexes are reflexes that
cause mass movements of the colon when food is present in the stomach.
Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the_________ phase.
cephalic
Fatty acids and certain lipids in the duodenum initiate the release of_________.
cholecystokinin (CCK)
The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone_________.
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent
chyme from entering the large intestine.
A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is_________.
chymotrypsin
Trypsin can activate
chymotrypsinogen.
The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the
common bile duct and pancreatic duct.
The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is
composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
The enteric plexus
controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include_________.
disaccharidases
The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by
distention of the duodenal wall.
Bile
emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
Salivary gland secretion is primarily controlled by the
facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
Intrinsic factor
facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.
Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent
food from entering the small intestine.
The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the_________ phase of gastric secretion.
gastric
Inflammation of the stomach mucosa in the area superior to the pyloric sphincter is most appropriately referred to as_________.
gastric ulcer
Inflammation of the gums is called_________.
gingivitis
Insulin increases the rate of_________ transport into cells.
glucose
A large amount of adipose tissue accumulates in the_________.
greater omentum
The oral cavity
has boundaries that include the lips, palate, and cheeks.
The esophagus
has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food.
The hepatic sinusoids
have phagocytic cells in their lining.
A blockage in the colon where the ascending colon turns to become the transverse colon would occur at the_________.
hepatic flexure
Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the_________.
hepatic portal vein
A cell needs a receptor in order to absorb LDLs. A disease that interferes with the functioning of these LDL receptors would
increase serum cholesterol levels.
The villi, microvilli, and plicae circularis function to
increase surface area for absorption.
Emulsification
increases surface area for lipid digestion.
The enterogastric reflex serves to_________.
inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine
Duodenal gland secretion prevents
irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.
The intestinal phase of gastric secretion
is controlled by the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum.
Pepsinogen
is packaged in zymogen granules.
The defecation reflex
is stimulated by distention of the rectum.
The gastric phase of gastric secretion
leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion.
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains_________.
less lipid
Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of_________.
lipids
An organ is described as follows: cords of cells radiating outward from a central vein with sinusoids between the cords of cells. The organ having this histological structure is the_________.
liver
The_________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing_________.
liver; cholesterol
Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called_________.
mass movements
Defecation following a meal is usually the result of
mass movements stimulated by the gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes moving feces towards the rectum.
The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in_________.
mastication, speech, and swallowing
The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are_________.
moistening and starch digestion
Saliva
moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.
The pyloric pump
moves chyme through a partially closed pyloric opening.
Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
The major secretion of the large intestine is_________.
mucus
The myenteric plexus is found in the_________ of the digestive tract wall.
muscularis
The major types of enteric neurons include all of the following, except
neurons that suppress epithelial secretions.
The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the_________.
oropharynx
The abdominal cavity is lined with_________.
parietal peritoneum
The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the_________ glands.
parotid
The enzyme(s) called_________ break(s) down the substrate called_________.
peptidases; proteins
Bile secretion is
performed continuously by the liver.
The_________ helps hold a tooth in its socket.
periodontal ligament
The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during the_________ phase of swallowing.
pharyngeal
The tongue
plays a major role in swallowing.
The liver
produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats.
LDLs are taken into a cell by the process of_________.
receptor mediated endocytosis
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be_________.
retroperitoneal
When chyme enters the duodenum,_________ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.
secretin
A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called_________.
segmental contraction
In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the_________.
serosa
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the_________.
small intestine
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the_________.
small intestine
Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the_________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the_________.
small intestine; small intestine
Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the_________.
soft palate
The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to_________, while the role of norepinephrine is to_________.
stimulate; inhibit
The gallbladder_________.
stores bile
The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the_________ glands.
submandibular
The enteric plexus is composed of the_________ and the_________.
submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus
The longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the large intestinal wall forms three bands called the_________.
teniae coli
When intestinal chyme is highly concentrated,
water moves by osmosis into the lumen of the small intestine.
How much saliva is generally produced each day?
1 - 1½ L
Assume we could alter the conditions in the duodenum. Which of the following would be consistent with inserting a large volume of highly acidic chyme which contained a large amount of fat? (1) Decreased gastric acid secretion (2) Increased bile production (3) Increased pancreatic bicarbonate production and pancreatic enzyme secretion (4) Increased secretin and cholecystokinin
1, 2, 3, 4
Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) Ascending colon (2) Descending colon (3) Sigmoid colon (4) Transverse colon
1, 4, 2, 3
A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. Which layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location? (1) Parietal peritoneum (2) Visceral peritoneum
1,2,2,2
Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest. (1) Dipeptide (2) Protein (3) Amino acid (4) Polypeptide
2, 4, 1, 3
Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids (2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids
2, 4, 3, 1
Arrange the following in proper sequence as they occur first in the body. (1) Digestion (2) Elimination (3) Ingestion (4) Absorption
3, 1, 4, 2
Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) Common bile duct (2) Common hepatic duct (3) Cystic duct (4) Left and right hepatic ducts
4,2,1
The hepatic lobule is a_________ -sided structure with a/an_________ triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.
6; portal
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?
Absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes
How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?
Active Transport
Feces consist of_________.
All of the answers are correct
Functions of the liver include_________.
All of the choices are correct
Hepatocytes
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following are effects of aging on the digestive system?
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?
Amino acids
What is found in an intestinal villus?
Blood capillaries and a lacteal
What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?
Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct.
What muscle forms the cheek?
Buccinator
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication?
Buccinator
Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?
CO2 and H2O → carbohydrates
Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad?
Central vein
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Changing the tongue shape during swallowing
What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Which of the following would inhibit both gastric secretion and gastric motility?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Which of the following statements concerning cholecystokinin is correct?
Cholecystokinin stimulates the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich solution.
A gallstone has completely blocked flow of bile into the small intestine. Where is the stone most likely lodged?
Common bile duct
One of the major functions of the large intestine is to
Convert Chyme to Feces
What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
Cystic duct
Celiac disease causes degeneration of the villi of the small intestine. What is a likely effect of this degeneration?
Decrease in absorption due to reduced surface area
A swollen uvula might interfere with which of the following?
Deglutition and breathing
Sammy is a 67-year-old man that has the following digestive issues: GERD, peptic ulcers, and diarrhea. Which of the following is least likely to be a consequence of Sammy's age?
Diarrhea
Which of the following will stimulate intestinal motility?
Distension of the intestinal wall
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
Elimination of undigested food
Nancy has several dental caries on the visible surface of one of her molars. The caries have eroded through to the pulp cavity. Which of the following accurately lists the layers affected by the caries?
Enamel, dentin
What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?
Epiglottis
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Esophagus
Which structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament
If gases are released as digestion of food begins in the stomach, where is it most likely to accumulate?
Fundus
Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?
Gastrin
Gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer can all be caused by
Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium.
Where does bile enter the duodenum?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Which disease is caused by the absence of enteric neurons in the distal large intestine?
Hirschsprung disease
Which of the following is not a substance found in saliva?
Hydrochloric acid
Which portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?
Ileum
Which of the following statements regarding swallowing is true?
In the pharyngeal phase, food is moved through the pharynx.
Which of the following statements concerning proteins is true?
Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids.
Harrison loves to entertain his classmates with his strange talents. His newest "trick" is to roll his tongue into a tube shape. Which muscles are important for Harrison to perform this trick?
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
What is the function of bicarbonate when it is secreted by the large intestine?
It increases the pH of the feces, which are acidic because of bacterial secretions.
Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location?
Killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
Which of the following would inhibit normal movements of the tongue?
Lingual frenulum extending to tip of tongue
If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of the following classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate?
Lipids
