Anatomy Lab- Axial Skeleton

gigantism

unusual, abnormal largeness on a whole-body-scale

No

Does C7 have a bifid spinous process?

clavicle

S-shaped collarbone lying horizontal across the anterior thorax, superior to the first rib: the medial half is convex anteriorly and the lateral half is concave anteriorly

atlanto-axial joint

The "pivot"/ joint allowing for rotation "No"

Paget's disease

chronic disease in elderly people characterized by deterioration of bone tissue

superior articular processes of the sacrum

Projections from the most superior portion of the sacrum, articulating with the L5 vertebra

spina bifida

congenital defect of the vertebral column where laminae of L5 or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline leading to a protrusion of meninges or spinal cord through laminae

gluteal lines of the ilium of the os coxae

conspicuous markings of the ilium: arched lines on the lateral surface where the gluteal muscles attach to the ilium

conoid tubercle of the clavicle

the projection on the inferior surface of the clavicle on the lateral end of the bone, point of attachment for the conoid ligament: lateral and inferior

scapular spine of the scapula

the prominent ridge running diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula, found posteriorly

laminectomy

the removal of the back of one or more vertebrae, usually to give access to spinal cord or to relieve pressure on nerves

costal tuberosity of the clavicle

the rough medial, inferior bump on the clavicle

inferior surface of the clavicle

the rough surface of the clavicle with bumps and protuberances

ischial tuberosity of the ischium of the os coxae

the rough, thickened region of the hip bone just deep to the integument. This is the location of the hep bone where you sit on: most posterior of the hip bone

superior surface of the clavicle

the smooth, anterior surface of the clavicle which is palpable on our body

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

the superior "valley" above the scapular spine of the scapula

acromion of the scapula

the superior, posterior, lateral end flattened projection, expending out and easily felt as high point of the shoulder which articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint

auricle surface of the ilium of the os coxae

the surface of the hip bone that articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

coccyx

the terminal end of the vertebral column: a remnant of the longer tail vertebrae

auricular surfaces of the sacrum

these are the large, flat, superior portions of the sacrum

lateral border of the scapula

thicker edge of the scapula closer to the arm: straight and thick

medial border of the scapula

thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column: curved and thin

acetabulum of the os coxae

this is the deep fossa formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis: socket that accepts the rounded head of the femur: articulates with the femoral head to form the hip joint

costal cartilage

this is the hyaline cartilage securing ribs 1 through 7 anteriorly to the sternum: only true ribs have costal cartilage directly associated with them

acromial end of the clavicle

this is the lateral, broad, flat end of the clavicle which articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

sternal end of the clavicle

this is the medial, rounded, large end of the clavicle allowing articulation with the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint

lesser sciatic notch of the ischium of the os coxae

this is the notch located below the spine of of the os coxae

ischial spine of the ischium of the os coxae

this is the posterior inferior process of the ischium of the hip bone

head of the rib/ capitulum of the rib

this is the projection at the posterior end of the rib, containing facets superiorly and inferiorly or demifactes to form vertebrocostal joints: BOTH NAMES

pelvic brim of the os coxae

this is the rim of the connective bone: most superior border of the true pelvis

Spinous process

this projection projects posteriorly from the junction of laminae (most anterior portion of vertebrae)

rickets

vitamin D deficiency with imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of bones: nearly synonymous with osteomalacia

annulus fibrosus

What is the name of the fibrous ring of fibrocarilage composing the outer intervertebral discs

glenohumoral joint

What joint is formed from where the glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerous

vertebral arteries

What runs through the transverse processes

odontoid of the axis

What structure and bone allows you to nod "No"

acromegaly

abnormal growth of the hands/feet/face due to increased growth hormone by the pituitary gland

kyphosis

an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column: hunch-back

caudal anesthesia

anesthetic agest injected through the sacral hiatus to relieve pain during labor for perineal area

sacral promontory of the sacrum

anterior, superior ridge of the sacrum

achondroplastic dwarfism

autosomal dominant genetic disorder leading to smallness of areas of the body involving cartilage/ bone formation from cartilage: very common cause of dwarfism

anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium of the os coxae

below the anterior superior iliac spine, between the acetabulum and the crest of the os coxae

posterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium of the os coxae

below the posterior superior iliac spine of the ilium of the os coxae: at the end of the auricular surface

inferior articular processes

bony structure articulating with the two superior articular processes of the vertebra immediately inferior to the body and pedicle arising near the junction of the pedicle and lamina

pubis of the os coxae

inferior, anterior portion of the hip bone, like the ischium, forming a sideways arch/ U-shape

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection

scoliosis

lateral bending of the vertebral column, most frequently in the thoracic region

greater sciatic notch of the ilium of the os coxae

located below the posterior inferior iliac crest through which the sciatic nerve passes, curving from the ischeal spine to the posterior inferior iliac spine

xiphoid process of the sternum

most inferior, smallest portion of the sternum

coccygeal cornea of the coccyx

on Co1, the dorsal surface of the body of the coccyx with two long coccygeal cornea: articulates with the S5 vertebrae

median sacral crests of the sacrum

posterior spinous processes of the upper sacral vertebrae

pedicles of the vertebral arch

short, thick processes from the base of the vertebral arch, immediately adjacent to the body of the vertebrae, projecting posteriorly from the body to unite with the laminae

scapula

shoulder blade: large triangular flat bone with ridges on the posterior surface

osteomalacia

softening of bone via vitamin D or calcium deficiency: nearly synonymous with rickets

iliac crest of the ilium of the os coxae

superior border of the ilium that ends at the anterior superior iliac spine

subscapular fossa of the scapula

the anterior surface of the scapula, on the opposite side of the scapula to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula

superior articular processes

the bony structures articulating with the two inferior articular processes of the vertebra immediately superior, arising near the junction of the pedicle and lamina

pectoral girdle

the circle of bone in the chest, composed of the scapula, clavicle, ribs, and sternum: allows attachment of bones of the free upper limbs to the axial skeleton

neck of the rib

the constricted portion of the rib, just lateral to the head

sacral canal of the sacrum

the continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum, posterior to the body of the sacrum

laminae of the vertebral arch

the flat, post posterior portion of the vertebral arch between the transverse and spinous processes

coracoid process of the scapula

the inferior lateral end of the superior border of the scapula where the tendons of muscles attach to the projection of the anterior surface of the scapula

symphysis pubis of the pubis of the os coxae

the joint between the pubes of the 2 hip bones with a disc of fibrocartilage

ilium of the os coxae

the largest of the 3 components of the os coxae containing the superior ala (wing) and the inferior body

body of the sternum

the middle, largest portion of the sternum forming smaller fused segments called sternebrae

manubrium of the sternum

the most superior portion of the sternum

posterior superior iliac spine of the ilium of the os coxae

the posterior end of the iliac crest, found on the aricular surface

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

the posterior surface of the scapula, located inferior to the scapular spine of the scapula

bifid spinous process of the cervical vertebrae

the presence of two processes most posterior on the vertebrae

vertebral prominance

What is another name for C7?

ribs

These are bones creating a bony enclosure that provides structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity

pelvic inlet of the os coxae

This is the superior opening of the true pelvis, bordered by the pelvix brim: the space within

Male

What gender has a large, lateral acetabulum

Female

What gender has a less curved iliac crest

Female

What gender has a less vertical ilium

Female

What gender has a light, thin pelvic girdle

Male

What gender has a long sacrum

Female

What gender has a mobile coccyx

Male

What gender has a more curved iliac crest

Male

What gender has a more curved ilium

Male

What gender has a narrow greater sciatic notch

Male

What gender has a narrow pelvic outlet

Male

What gender has a narrow, heart shaped pelvic brim

Male

What gender has a round abturator foramen

Female

What gender has a shallow false pelvis

Female

What gender has a short ischial tuberosity

Female

What gender has a short, wide sacrum

Female

What gender has a small, anterior acetabulum

Female

What gender has a wide greater sciatic notch

Female

What gender has a wide pelvic outlet

Female

What gender has a wide, oval pelvic brim

Female

What gender has an oval obturator foramen

Male

What gender has heavy, thick pelvic girdle

fossa of the scapula

What is another name for the glenoid cavity of the scapula

capitulum of the rib

What is another name for the head of the rib

coccyx

4 fused bones inferior to the sacrum

sacrum

5 fused bones inferior to the lumbar vertebrae

vertebral prominens

Another name for the C7 vertebra: non-bifid, large spinous process which may be felt at the base of the neck

axillary border of the scapula

Another name for the lateral border of the scapula

vertebral border of the scapula

Another name for the medial border of the scapula

atlas

C1 vertebra: supports the head: ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large lateral masses: lack a vertebral body and spinous process: concave superior articular facets which articulate with the occipital condyle

Axis

C2 vertebra that does have a vertebral body

throacic vertebrae

Larger, stronger vertebrae than the cervical vertebrae, containing long spinous processes which are laterally flattened

atlanto-occipital joints

What is the name of the articulation between the atlas and the occipital condyle, allowing you to nod "Yes"

thoracic and pelvic

The ________ and ________ curvatures are considered primary curvatures (concave)

cervical and lumbar

The _________ and _________ curvatures are considered secondary curvatures (convex)

sacrum

The bone posterior to the lumbar vertebrae formed by the union of the 5 vertebrae which fuse between the ages of 16 and 18 until they are 30 years. This is the foundation of the elvis hurdle

inferior articular facet

The flat surface articulating with the surfaces of the vertebra immediately inferior, covered by hyaline tissue

superior articular facets of the sacrum

The flat surfaces of the most superior projection from the sacrum which directly articulates with the L5 vertebra

superior articular facet

The flat, articulating surfaces of the superior articular processes, covered with hyaline tissue

nucleus pulposus

The inner, soft, mucoid of the intervertebral discs

acromioclavicular joint

The junction of the acromial end of the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula

sternoclavicular joint

The junction of the sternal end of the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum

infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

The point seen at the inferior part of the glenoid cavity of the scapula

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

The point seen at the superior part of the glenoid cavity of the scapula: point of muscle attachment at the top of the glenoid cavity

true pelvis of the os coxae

The portion of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim composing a complete circle

false pelvis of the os coxae

The portion of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim, bordered by the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly

Costal process of the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

The rough, bony surface of the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

These are the holes in the transverse processes where the vertebral artery, vein, and nerve fibers pass

cervical vertebrae

These are the most variable vertebrae: most delicate column of the bones that vary considerably in the range of mobility

transverse processes

These are the projections at the junction of the lamina and pedicle, extending posterolaterally on each side of the vertibrae

intervertebral disks

These run between the C2 through sacrum: found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae: compose 25% of the height of the vertebral column: composed of an outer fibrous ring of fibrocartilage (annulus fibrosis) and the inner soft mucoid (nucleus pulposus

sacroiliac joint of the ilium of the os coxae

This is another name for the auricle surface of the ilium of the os coxae

anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium of the os coxae

This is the anterior end of the iliac crest: top point of the iliac crest

sternum

This is the breast bone: a flat narrow bone in the center of the anterior thoracic wall

vertebral arch

This is the extension of the vertebral body posteriorly that surrounds the spinal cord: bony projection

os coxae

This is the hip bone composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Vertebral foramen

This is the hole lying between the vertebral arch and the body of a vertebrae: allows passage of the spinal cord and its meningeal covers, adipose tissue, alveolar connective tissue, and blood vessels

sacral hiatus

This is the inferior opening in the vertebral canal due to the laminae of the S4 and S% failing to meet

tubercle of the rib/ tuburculum of the rib

This is the knob-like structure on the posterior surface where the neck joins the body

oberator foramen of the ischium of the os coxae

This is the large hole of the hip bone

floating ribs

This is the name for ribs 11 and 12 that do not connect tot he sternum anteriorly

false ribs

This is the name for ribs 8-12, which do not have direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage: some connect indirectly while others have no attachment to the sternum

true ribs

This is the name for the first 7 ribs which direction connect to the sternum with anterior costal cartilage

intervertebral foramina

Transverse canal formed between adjacent vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae

Very large vertebrae, identifiable by the large size, lack of transverse foramina, and absence of costal articular facets

vertebra

What are the series of bones that are strong, flexible, and mobile: enclosing and protecting the spinal cord: 33 when young and 26 when an adult

body/ centrum

What are the two names for the largest portion of the vertebra forming the anterior block like mass of the bone: main weight-bearing component of the vertebral column

odontoid process/ dens

What are the two names for the peg like process projecting superiorly through the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas to form the pivot for rotation for "No"

acromion of the scapula

What articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

horizontal

What direction do the inferior and posterior gluteal lines run?

vertical

What direction does the anterior gluteal line run?

transverse costal facet

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

Male

What gender has a deep false pelvis

girdle

a continuous "belt" of bone surrounding the body

transverse costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae

flat surfaces which articulate for the ribs to one vertebrae

demifacets

flat surfaces which articulate with 2 vertebrae: found superiorly and inferiorly

lateral sacral crests of the sacrum

fused transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae

pituitary dwarfism

growth hormone deficiency leading to an over-all smallness

ventral sacral foramina of the sacrum

holes in the body of the sacrum seen from the anterior side of the bone

dorsal sacral foramina of the sacrum

holes in the body of the sacrum seen from the posterior side of the bone

lordosis

hollow/ swayed back: increase in the lumbar curve due to increase weight baring: often seen during late pregnancy

herniated disk/ slipped disk

if injured or weakened, pressure developed in the nucleus pulses becomes great enough to rupture surrounding fibrocartilage leading to a hearniation of the nucleus pulpous called _______________

glenoid cavity of the scapula

inferior to the acromion is the shallow depression: accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumoral joint

pubic arch of the pubis of the os coxae

inferior to the pubis symphysis where the inferior rami of the 2 pubic bones converge: form an angle less than 90 degrees in men and greater than 90 degrees in women