Anatomy: Neck- superficial structures

6

# of braches from external carotid artery within neck

borders of anterior cervical region

-anterior= median line of neck -posterior= anterior border of SCM -superior= inferior border of mandible -apex= jugular notch in manubrium (D)

muscles of LCR

1. spenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. middle scalene 4. posterior scalene 5. anterior scalene (sometimes)

4 major regions of neck

1. sternocleidomastoid region 2. posterior cervical region 3. lateral cervical region (posterior triangle of neck) 4. anterior cervical region (anterior triangle of neck)

LCR

Nerves of ___: -accessory nerve (CN XI): -roots of brachial plexus -cervical plexus

triangles of ACR

Submandibular (digastric) -filled almost entirely by submandibular gland -hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) *most anterior (4) Submental -veins forming anterior jugular vein *most medial (5) Carotid -site of common carotid *most lateral (6) Muscular (omotrochlear) -infrahyoid muscles and viscera (thyroid, parathyroid glands) *most posterior (7)

LCR

Vessels of ___= -transverse cervical artery -3rd part of subclavian artery -external jugular vein -subclavian vein

cervical plexus

anterior rami of C1-C4 make up roots; irregular series of nerve loops and branches arising from loops -deep branches= motor, roots of phrenic nerve -roots unite to form secondary loop (ansa cervicalis), supply infrahyoid muscles nerve(s) of LCR

3rd part of subclavian artery

artery beginning 1 finger's breath superior to clavicle, hidden in inferior part of cervical region, posterosuperior to subclavian vein -longest, most superficial part -on 1st rib -supplies blood to upper limb artery of LCR

inferior bulb of IJV

bicuspid valve that permits blood flow during heart while preventing backflow -active when standing on head/during increased thoracic pressure (#7)

lateral cervical region borders

borders of this region: -anterior= posterior border of SCM -posterior= anterior border of trapezius -inferior= middle 1/3 of clavicle between SCM and trapezius -apex= where SCM and trapezius meet on occipital bone *covered by platysma

transverse cervical artery

branch of subclavian artery running superficially and laterally across anterior scalene -supplies blood to brachial plexus artery of LCR

internal jugular vein

drains blood from: brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, deep muscles of neck -starts at jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa, deep to SCM -merges with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

sternothyroid

infrahyoid muscle in deep plane

thyrohyoid

infrahyoid muscle in deep plane

strenohyoid

infrahyoid muscle in superficial plane

omohyoid

infrahyoid muscle in superficial plane -2 bellies (1 goes to shoulder); separated by fascial sling (superior and inferior

trapezius

large, flat, triangular muscles that covers neck and back; landmark muscle of posterior cervical region -active in shrugging shoulders (structure 4)

subclavian vein

major venous channel draining upper arm -curves through inferior part of LCR -passes anterior to anterior scalene and phrenic nerve (eventually becomes brachiocephalic vein) *often used for central lines vein of LCR

hypoglossal nerve

motor nerve of tongue (CN XII)

levator scapulae

muscle of LCR

middle scalene

muscle of LCR

splenius capitis

muscle of LCR

posterior scalene

muscle of LCR (#100)

anterior scalene

muscle of LCR (sometimes) (#98)

infrahyoid muscles

muscles depressing hyoid and larynx during swallowing an d speaking; provide firm base for tongue Superficial plane= sternohyoid, omohyoid Deep plane= sternothyroid, thyrohyoid = below hyoid, anchor hyoid, sternum, clavicle, scapula

sternocleidomastoid

muscles dividing neck into anterior and lateral triangles -2 heads: sternal, clavicular -lesser supraclavicular fossa -superior attachment to mastoid process (temporal bone)

suprahyoid muscles

muscles forming floor of mouth/base from which tongue functions -elevate hyoid and larynz in relation to swallowing and and tone production *Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric Muscles = above the hyoid; connect hyoid bone to the cranium

roots of brachial plexus

nerve appearing between anterior and middle scalene muscles -provides innervation to most of upper limb

lateral cervical region neck

region of neck often divided into 2 smaller triangles -larger occipital (accessory nerve, CN XI) -smaller omoclavicular (crosses inferiorly by EJV, subclavian artery= deep) (aka posterior cervical triangle) (2)

posterior cervical

region of neck posterior to anterior borders of trapezius

sternocleidomastoid region

region of neck producing: -flexion of head -protraction of jaw -unilateral= lateral flexion of neck, rotates head (ear to shoulder) -elevates clavicles and manubrium (respiratory accessory muscles) (A)

ansa cervicalis

secondary loop formed by unity of cervical plexus roots -supply infrahyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid)

carotid sheath

structures contained in ___ ___= -common carotid (2) -vagus nerve (4) -internal jugular vein (3)

spinal accessory nerve

supplies SCM Damage= drooping of shoulder, weakness in turning head (CN XI) nerve of LCR

mylohyoid

suprahyoid muscle

stylohyoid

suprahyoid muscle

geniohyoid

suprahyoid muscle (deep)

digastric muscles

suprahyoid muscle; 2 bellies -branch at hyoid bone (posterior, anterior)

external jugular vein

vein beginning at angle of mandible; crosses SCM (deep to platysma), terminates in subclavian vein -drains most of scalp and side of face vein of LCR