Anatomy: Neck- superficial structures
6
# of braches from external carotid artery within neck
borders of anterior cervical region
-anterior= median line of neck -posterior= anterior border of SCM -superior= inferior border of mandible -apex= jugular notch in manubrium (D)
muscles of LCR
1. spenius capitis 2. levator scapulae 3. middle scalene 4. posterior scalene 5. anterior scalene (sometimes)
4 major regions of neck
1. sternocleidomastoid region 2. posterior cervical region 3. lateral cervical region (posterior triangle of neck) 4. anterior cervical region (anterior triangle of neck)
LCR
Nerves of ___: -accessory nerve (CN XI): -roots of brachial plexus -cervical plexus
triangles of ACR
Submandibular (digastric) -filled almost entirely by submandibular gland -hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) *most anterior (4) Submental -veins forming anterior jugular vein *most medial (5) Carotid -site of common carotid *most lateral (6) Muscular (omotrochlear) -infrahyoid muscles and viscera (thyroid, parathyroid glands) *most posterior (7)
LCR
Vessels of ___= -transverse cervical artery -3rd part of subclavian artery -external jugular vein -subclavian vein
cervical plexus
anterior rami of C1-C4 make up roots; irregular series of nerve loops and branches arising from loops -deep branches= motor, roots of phrenic nerve -roots unite to form secondary loop (ansa cervicalis), supply infrahyoid muscles nerve(s) of LCR
3rd part of subclavian artery
artery beginning 1 finger's breath superior to clavicle, hidden in inferior part of cervical region, posterosuperior to subclavian vein -longest, most superficial part -on 1st rib -supplies blood to upper limb artery of LCR
inferior bulb of IJV
bicuspid valve that permits blood flow during heart while preventing backflow -active when standing on head/during increased thoracic pressure (#7)
lateral cervical region borders
borders of this region: -anterior= posterior border of SCM -posterior= anterior border of trapezius -inferior= middle 1/3 of clavicle between SCM and trapezius -apex= where SCM and trapezius meet on occipital bone *covered by platysma
transverse cervical artery
branch of subclavian artery running superficially and laterally across anterior scalene -supplies blood to brachial plexus artery of LCR
internal jugular vein
drains blood from: brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, deep muscles of neck -starts at jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa, deep to SCM -merges with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
sternothyroid
infrahyoid muscle in deep plane
thyrohyoid
infrahyoid muscle in deep plane
strenohyoid
infrahyoid muscle in superficial plane
omohyoid
infrahyoid muscle in superficial plane -2 bellies (1 goes to shoulder); separated by fascial sling (superior and inferior
trapezius
large, flat, triangular muscles that covers neck and back; landmark muscle of posterior cervical region -active in shrugging shoulders (structure 4)
subclavian vein
major venous channel draining upper arm -curves through inferior part of LCR -passes anterior to anterior scalene and phrenic nerve (eventually becomes brachiocephalic vein) *often used for central lines vein of LCR
hypoglossal nerve
motor nerve of tongue (CN XII)
levator scapulae
muscle of LCR
middle scalene
muscle of LCR
splenius capitis
muscle of LCR
posterior scalene
muscle of LCR (#100)
anterior scalene
muscle of LCR (sometimes) (#98)
infrahyoid muscles
muscles depressing hyoid and larynx during swallowing an d speaking; provide firm base for tongue Superficial plane= sternohyoid, omohyoid Deep plane= sternothyroid, thyrohyoid = below hyoid, anchor hyoid, sternum, clavicle, scapula
sternocleidomastoid
muscles dividing neck into anterior and lateral triangles -2 heads: sternal, clavicular -lesser supraclavicular fossa -superior attachment to mastoid process (temporal bone)
suprahyoid muscles
muscles forming floor of mouth/base from which tongue functions -elevate hyoid and larynz in relation to swallowing and and tone production *Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric Muscles = above the hyoid; connect hyoid bone to the cranium
roots of brachial plexus
nerve appearing between anterior and middle scalene muscles -provides innervation to most of upper limb
lateral cervical region neck
region of neck often divided into 2 smaller triangles -larger occipital (accessory nerve, CN XI) -smaller omoclavicular (crosses inferiorly by EJV, subclavian artery= deep) (aka posterior cervical triangle) (2)
posterior cervical
region of neck posterior to anterior borders of trapezius
sternocleidomastoid region
region of neck producing: -flexion of head -protraction of jaw -unilateral= lateral flexion of neck, rotates head (ear to shoulder) -elevates clavicles and manubrium (respiratory accessory muscles) (A)
ansa cervicalis
secondary loop formed by unity of cervical plexus roots -supply infrahyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid)
carotid sheath
structures contained in ___ ___= -common carotid (2) -vagus nerve (4) -internal jugular vein (3)
spinal accessory nerve
supplies SCM Damage= drooping of shoulder, weakness in turning head (CN XI) nerve of LCR
mylohyoid
suprahyoid muscle
stylohyoid
suprahyoid muscle
geniohyoid
suprahyoid muscle (deep)
digastric muscles
suprahyoid muscle; 2 bellies -branch at hyoid bone (posterior, anterior)
external jugular vein
vein beginning at angle of mandible; crosses SCM (deep to platysma), terminates in subclavian vein -drains most of scalp and side of face vein of LCR