anatomy
ischial tuberosity
A person sits on his/her
carotene
A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is
contains no blood vessels
The epidermis
vertebral foramen
The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the
a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds
. A molecule is
whiplash
. A traumatic hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae is referred to as
tendon
A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
phagocytosis.
All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT
lateral flexion.
Bending the waist to one side is known as
outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm is found
a change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein
Denaturation is
is the capacity to do work
Energy
decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by
stratum corneum
Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff
increase
For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to
major nutrient for most body cells
Glucose is the
storage carbohydrate in animals
Glycogen is the
. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.
Lyme disease is
phagocytosis
Macrophages are cells specialized for
Sternum
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the
provide structure and support to the cytoplasm
Microtubules
7.35 - 7.45.
Normal blood pH is maintained within a range of
n imbalance called acidosis results.
Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35
the most common type of arthritis
Osteoarthritis is
sugar found in RNA and ATP.
Ribose is the
ribosomes
Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they contain
store adipose tissue
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to
gap junctions.
Structures that function in intercellular communication are
glycerol and fatty acids
Triglycerides are composed of
eversion
Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally
spina bifida
What condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse
. sarcoma
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?
carcinoma
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue?
scar
What is formed from granulation tissue
urinary system
What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?
clavicle
Which bone is involved in a broken collar bone
an increase in the temperature
Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?
cholesterol-a steroid
Which of the following would be classified as a lipid?
positively charged ion
A cation is
serves as the energy currency of the cell.
ATP
cell shape.
Absence of a cytoskeleton might affect
membrane channels; lipid bilayer
In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______.
palms of the hands face anteriorly.
In the anatomical position, the
of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region
a 5-minute surgical scrub
In which of the following does desquamation of the stratum corneum occur
Lipids
are an important component of cell membranes.
Ligaments attach
bone to bone.
wear and tear of the joint
Osteoarthritis usually is caused b
parathyroid hormone
Osteoclast activity is increased by
a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is
bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection
Osteomyelitis is
. stored energy that could do work but is not doing so
Potential energy is
provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues.
Proteins
protein synthesis
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for
a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones
Rickets is
fungus
Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a
supination
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called
pronation.
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called
Cervical
The _____ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck
atlas and axis.
The atlantoaxial joint is between the
amino acids
The building blocks of proteins are
second cervical vertebra
The dens or odontoid process is on the
intervertebral disk.
The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae is the
digestive system
The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
humerus articulates with the scapula
The glenoid cavity is where the
capitulum
The humerus articulates with the radius at the
regulates body temperature
The integumentary system
lysosome
The intracellular digestive organelle of a cell is the
sacroiliac joint
The joint between ilium and sacrum is the
fractures
The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is
diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of less concentration is called
rotator cuff
The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the
lamina
The posterior part of the vertebral arch is the
. spinous process
The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the
phospholipid.
The predominant lipid in the cell membrane isa
lay down bone matrix
The primary function of osteoblasts is to
thoracic
The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae.
intervertebral foramen.
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
mandible
The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. This bone is the
atom
The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)
actively transports potassium into cells.
The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane
cell
The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the
Cytology
The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is
Histology
The study of tissues is
toward the back of the body.
The term "dorsal" means
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
kyphosis
This condition is also known as hump back.
osteoblasts
What kind of cells form bone
The female pelvis is heavier
When comparing the female pelvis with the male pelvis, which of the following statements is false?
dissociate or separate from one another
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions
patella
Which bone is involved in a broken knee
coccyx
Which bone is involved in a broken tailbone?
tibia
Which bone is involved in a fracture of the shin bone?
distal and proximal
Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?
a small pelvic outlet
Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?
Skeletal
Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?
acceptor
a base is a proton
second degree
. Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn?
it has few, if any, blood vessels
. Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because
microvilli
. Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface area called
dermal papillae
. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
parathyroid hormone
. Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely
dermis
. Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the
zygomatic bone
. The cheek bone is also known as the
extracellular
. The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as
synovial membrane
. The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the
ischial tuberosity
. The portion of coxal bone a person sits on is the
jaundice
. The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is
coagulation of plasma proteins
. When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree?
foramen - a hole for a blood vessel
. Which of the following anatomical features of bones is correctly matched with its function?
An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called kyphosis
. Which of the following statements is true
positive feedback
A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of
greenstick fracture
A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a(an)
hairline fract
A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an
fibroblast
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
albinism
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is
there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
A herniated disc occurs when
psoriasis
A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as
fibula
A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the
occipital
A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones
temporal bone.
A person who has cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ear probably has a fracture of the
jaw
A person with a fractured mandible has a broken
swell
A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After the race, he drank large volumes of water. As a result of the water intake, his body cells will
hypodermis
A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the
. catalyst.
A substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called a/an
mucus
A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called
packaging of glycoproteins and lipoproteins
A toxic drug destroyed the Golgi apparatus. This would affect
negatively charged ion
An anion is
a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution
An electrolyte is
lordosis
An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is
vitamin D
An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is
decubitus ulcer
Another name for a bedsore is
an inflammation of any joint
Arthritis is
keratinization
As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called
electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current.
Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called
phagocytosis
Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called
a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood
Gout is
. energy that flows between objects with different temperatures
Heat energy is
. the pH of body fluids will rise.
Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result
energy is released by the reaction.
If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product
radius
If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your
both the radius and the ulna
In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. Which of the following bones was severed?
reverses the original stimulus
In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector
collagen.
Intervertebral discs have a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of
the form of energy that actually does work.
Kinetic energy is
stretch marks
Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop
dissolve
Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to ___________ in another.
manufacture blood cells.
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
decreases friction between bones
Synovial fluid
rule of nine
The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the
limbs and their girdles
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
cyanosis
The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called
femur
The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength
The dermis
atlas
The first cervical vertebrae is the
metatarsals
The foot contains
spinal cord
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the base of the skull for the
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
The four primary tissue types are
provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction
The function of a bursa is to
femur
The large bone in the thigh is the
epidermis
The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the
helps keep the head erect.
The ligamentum nuchae
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when
intervertebral discs
The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the
knee
The medial meniscus is in the
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
The molecular formula H2O means
carbohydrates
The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?
Diffusion
The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is example of ?
osmosis
The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called A. active transport.
sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) rests in the
regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.
The plasma membrane
only certain substances can pass through it.
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means
Cholesterol
The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are
into the bloodstream
The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly
distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking.
The three arches of the foot
synovial
The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.
serous
The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane.
carpal bones
The wrist is composed of eight
synthesizes RNA from DNA.
Transcription
glenohumeral joint
What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?
spermatozoa
What is the only human cell with a flagellum
biopsy
What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?
keratin
What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis
herniated disk
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus
benign
What term dealing with cancer means "not inclined to spread or become worse'
metastasis
What term dealing with cancer means "spreading to a new site"?
second-degree
What type of burn appears red and swollen along with pain and blisters?
squamous cell carcinoma
What type of cancer can actinic keratosis develop into
Neutrophils
What type of cell ingests bacteria?
osteoclast
What type of cells break down bone tissue?
stem cells
What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?
macrophages
What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?
mast cells
What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?
fibrocartilage
What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?
endocrine
What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?
marker molecules
What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?
enzymes
What type of membrane proteins can catalyze chemical reactions on the inner or outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?
skeletal muscle
What type of muscle is found attached to bones
smooth muscle
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?
cardiac muscle
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart
nervous tissue
What type of tissue contains cells called neurons
epithelial tissue
What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?
. muscular tissue
What type of tissue is contractile?
connective tissue
What type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?
mitochondria
When a person trains for running long distances, which of the following organelles increase in his/her muscles?
Langerhans cells
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
destruction of nonfunctional organelles
Which of the following activities is associated with lysosomes
hyoid
Which of the following bones is attached to the skull by only muscles and ligaments
rib
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
obturator foramen
Which of the following bony features is not associated with the skull
has good blood supply within it
Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?
immunity
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.
Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?
periosteum
Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?
using your finger to point out an area on a map
Which of the following movements is an example of extension
endoderm - bone
Which of the following pairs is mismatched
Both the greater and lesser trochanters are attachment sites for muscles
Which of the following statements about the femur is TRUE?
Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.
Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true
The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
Cardiovascular
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
basal cell carcinoma
Which type of skin cancer is the most common
melanoma
Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly
D
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
have large numbers of lysosomes
White blood cells digest other cells and so would be expected to
phagocytosis
White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of
Rheumatoid arthritis is
a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease
. provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell
channel protein
responsible for reabsorption
osteoclasts
Homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
membrane bound receptors
anabolism
. All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called
scoliosis
. An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is