anatomy

ischial tuberosity

A person sits on his/her

carotene

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is

contains no blood vessels

The epidermis

vertebral foramen

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the

a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds

. A molecule is

whiplash

. A traumatic hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae is referred to as

tendon

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

phagocytosis.

All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT

lateral flexion.

Bending the waist to one side is known as

outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane

Cytoplasm is found

a change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein

Denaturation is

is the capacity to do work

Energy

decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by

stratum corneum

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff

increase

For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to

major nutrient for most body cells

Glucose is the

storage carbohydrate in animals

Glycogen is the

. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.

Lyme disease is

phagocytosis

Macrophages are cells specialized for

Sternum

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the

provide structure and support to the cytoplasm

Microtubules

7.35 - 7.45.

Normal blood pH is maintained within a range of

n imbalance called acidosis results.

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35

the most common type of arthritis

Osteoarthritis is

sugar found in RNA and ATP.

Ribose is the

ribosomes

Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they contain

store adipose tissue

Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to

gap junctions.

Structures that function in intercellular communication are

glycerol and fatty acids

Triglycerides are composed of

eversion

Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally

spina bifida

What condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse

. sarcoma

What is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?

carcinoma

What is a malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue?

scar

What is formed from granulation tissue

urinary system

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?

clavicle

Which bone is involved in a broken collar bone

an increase in the temperature

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?

cholesterol-a steroid

Which of the following would be classified as a lipid?

positively charged ion

A cation is

serves as the energy currency of the cell.

ATP

cell shape.

Absence of a cytoskeleton might affect

membrane channels; lipid bilayer

In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______.

palms of the hands face anteriorly.

In the anatomical position, the

of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

a 5-minute surgical scrub

In which of the following does desquamation of the stratum corneum occur

Lipids

are an important component of cell membranes.

Ligaments attach

bone to bone.

wear and tear of the joint

Osteoarthritis usually is caused b

parathyroid hormone

Osteoclast activity is increased by

a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection

Osteomyelitis is

. stored energy that could do work but is not doing so

Potential energy is

provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues.

Proteins

protein synthesis

Ribosomes are organelles responsible for

a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones

Rickets is

fungus

Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a

supination

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called

pronation.

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called

Cervical

The _____ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck

atlas and axis.

The atlantoaxial joint is between the

amino acids

The building blocks of proteins are

second cervical vertebra

The dens or odontoid process is on the

intervertebral disk.

The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae is the

digestive system

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

humerus articulates with the scapula

The glenoid cavity is where the

capitulum

The humerus articulates with the radius at the

regulates body temperature

The integumentary system

lysosome

The intracellular digestive organelle of a cell is the

sacroiliac joint

The joint between ilium and sacrum is the

fractures

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

diffusion

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of less concentration is called

rotator cuff

The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the

lamina

The posterior part of the vertebral arch is the

. spinous process

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the

phospholipid.

The predominant lipid in the cell membrane isa

lay down bone matrix

The primary function of osteoblasts is to

thoracic

The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae.

intervertebral foramen.

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

mandible

The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. This bone is the

atom

The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)

actively transports potassium into cells.

The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane

cell

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the

Cytology

The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is

Histology

The study of tissues is

toward the back of the body.

The term "dorsal" means

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

kyphosis

This condition is also known as hump back.

osteoblasts

What kind of cells form bone

The female pelvis is heavier

When comparing the female pelvis with the male pelvis, which of the following statements is false?

dissociate or separate from one another

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

patella

Which bone is involved in a broken knee

coccyx

Which bone is involved in a broken tailbone?

tibia

Which bone is involved in a fracture of the shin bone?

distal and proximal

Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?

a small pelvic outlet

Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?

Skeletal

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?

acceptor

a base is a proton

second degree

. Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn?

it has few, if any, blood vessels

. Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because

microvilli

. Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface area called

dermal papillae

. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called

parathyroid hormone

. Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely

dermis

. Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the

zygomatic bone

. The cheek bone is also known as the

extracellular

. The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as

synovial membrane

. The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the

ischial tuberosity

. The portion of coxal bone a person sits on is the

jaundice

. The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is

coagulation of plasma proteins

. When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree?

foramen - a hole for a blood vessel

. Which of the following anatomical features of bones is correctly matched with its function?

An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called kyphosis

. Which of the following statements is true

positive feedback

A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

greenstick fracture

A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a(an)

hairline fract

A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an

fibroblast

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

albinism

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is

there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus

A herniated disc occurs when

psoriasis

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as

fibula

A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the

occipital

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones

temporal bone.

A person who has cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ear probably has a fracture of the

jaw

A person with a fractured mandible has a broken

swell

A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After the race, he drank large volumes of water. As a result of the water intake, his body cells will

hypodermis

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

. catalyst.

A substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called a/an

mucus

A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called

packaging of glycoproteins and lipoproteins

A toxic drug destroyed the Golgi apparatus. This would affect

negatively charged ion

An anion is

a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution

An electrolyte is

lordosis

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is

vitamin D

An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is

decubitus ulcer

Another name for a bedsore is

an inflammation of any joint

Arthritis is

keratinization

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called

electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current.

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

phagocytosis

Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called

a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood

Gout is

. energy that flows between objects with different temperatures

Heat energy is

. the pH of body fluids will rise.

Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result

energy is released by the reaction.

If the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product

radius

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your

both the radius and the ulna

In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. Which of the following bones was severed?

reverses the original stimulus

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

collagen.

Intervertebral discs have a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of

the form of energy that actually does work.

Kinetic energy is

stretch marks

Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop

dissolve

Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to ___________ in another.

manufacture blood cells.

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

decreases friction between bones

Synovial fluid

rule of nine

The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the

limbs and their girdles

The appendicular skeleton consists of the

cyanosis

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

femur

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength

The dermis

atlas

The first cervical vertebrae is the

metatarsals

The foot contains

spinal cord

The foramen magnum is a large opening in the base of the skull for the

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

The four most abundant elements in the human body are

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

The four primary tissue types are

provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction

The function of a bursa is to

femur

The large bone in the thigh is the

epidermis

The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the

helps keep the head erect.

The ligamentum nuchae

the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

intervertebral discs

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to compression of the

knee

The medial meniscus is in the

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

The molecular formula H2O means

carbohydrates

The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

Diffusion

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is example of ?

osmosis

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called A. active transport.

sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) rests in the

regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.

The plasma membrane

only certain substances can pass through it.

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

Cholesterol

The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are

into the bloodstream

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly

distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking.

The three arches of the foot

synovial

The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.

serous

The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane.

carpal bones

The wrist is composed of eight

synthesizes RNA from DNA.

Transcription

glenohumeral joint

What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?

spermatozoa

What is the only human cell with a flagellum

biopsy

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?

keratin

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis

herniated disk

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus

benign

What term dealing with cancer means "not inclined to spread or become worse'

metastasis

What term dealing with cancer means "spreading to a new site"?

second-degree

What type of burn appears red and swollen along with pain and blisters?

squamous cell carcinoma

What type of cancer can actinic keratosis develop into

Neutrophils

What type of cell ingests bacteria?

osteoclast

What type of cells break down bone tissue?

stem cells

What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

macrophages

What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?

mast cells

What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?

fibrocartilage

What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?

endocrine

What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?

marker molecules

What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

enzymes

What type of membrane proteins can catalyze chemical reactions on the inner or outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?

skeletal muscle

What type of muscle is found attached to bones

smooth muscle

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?

cardiac muscle

What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart

nervous tissue

What type of tissue contains cells called neurons

epithelial tissue

What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?

. muscular tissue

What type of tissue is contractile?

connective tissue

What type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?

mitochondria

When a person trains for running long distances, which of the following organelles increase in his/her muscles?

Langerhans cells

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?

destruction of nonfunctional organelles

Which of the following activities is associated with lysosomes

hyoid

Which of the following bones is attached to the skull by only muscles and ligaments

rib

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

obturator foramen

Which of the following bony features is not associated with the skull

has good blood supply within it

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

immunity

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone

Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.

Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?

periosteum

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

using your finger to point out an area on a map

Which of the following movements is an example of extension

endoderm - bone

Which of the following pairs is mismatched

Both the greater and lesser trochanters are attachment sites for muscles

Which of the following statements about the femur is TRUE?

Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.

Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true

The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

Cardiovascular

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

basal cell carcinoma

Which type of skin cancer is the most common

melanoma

Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly

D

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?

have large numbers of lysosomes

White blood cells digest other cells and so would be expected to

phagocytosis

White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of

Rheumatoid arthritis is

a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease

. provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell

channel protein

responsible for reabsorption

osteoclasts

Homeostasis

the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

membrane bound receptors

anabolism

. All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called

scoliosis

. An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is