anatomy skeletal smartbook
A simple bone fracture typically takes how long to heal?
2 to 3 months
In the repair of a simple fracture, the fibrocartilaginous callus stage lasts at least ______.
3 weeks
Place the steps of bone fracture repair in the correct order.
a fracture hematoma forms, a fibrocartilaginous callus forms, a bony callus forms, the bone is remodeled
If a child's growth hormone and/or thyroid hormone levels are too low the child will have _____.
a short stature
The letter A is pointing to the fibrous layer of the ______ capsule.
articular
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.
articular cartilage
Syndesmosis
between radius and ulna
A bone fracture tears ____, which causes bleeding and a fracture hematoma to form.
blood vessels
In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in _____>
blood vessels of bone
In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______.
blood vessels of bone
Which tissue types are found in bone?
blood, nervous tissue, osseous connective tissue
Complete
bone is broken into two or more pieces
Comminuted
bone is splintered into several small pieces between the main parts
Compression
bone is squashed as in a vertebra during a fall
In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaces with a ______.
bony callus
Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?
calcitonin
Bones are joined by _____ in cartilaginous joints.
cartilage
A blood clot within a bone fracture is called a fracture _____.
clot
A fracture at the distal end of the radius is a ______.
colles fracture
Bone is splintered into several small pieces between the main parts in a _____ fracture.
comminuted
If a bone is splinted into several small places, this is what type of fracture?
comminuted
Avulsion
complete severing of a body part
One or both ends of a borken bone pierce the overlying skin in a(n) ______ fracture.
compound
Suture
connects skull bones
A patient with hyperparathyroidism, a disease where too much PTH is produced, would be expected to have _____.
decreased bone mass, elevated blood calcium levels
Oblique
diagonal fracture at an angle between linear and transverse
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its _____.
diaphysis
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______.
diaphysis
The major weight support of a long bone is provided by the ______.
diaphysis
Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as _____.
diarthrosis
Which are classified as synovial joints?
elbow, glenohumeral, temporomandibular, knee joint
The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through ______ ossification.
endochondral
A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.
epiphyseal line
The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the _____.
epiphyseal line
which locations are synchondroses?
epiphyseal plate, between rib/sternum
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.
epiphysis
Which hormones promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure?
estrogen and testosterone
Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones.
false
Transverse
fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone
Linear
fracture parallel to the long axis of bone
An orthodontist would work on which type of joint?
gomphosis
On which joint do braces mechanical stress on the osteoblasts and osteoclasts, so they work together to modify the alveolus?
gomphosis
Which hormone stimulates the liver to produce somatomedin, which ultimately results in bone elongation?
growth hormone
A bony callus is ____.
hard
Gomphosis
holds teeth in their sockets
Ossification begins ________.
in the embryo
the function of parathyroid hormone is to _______.
increase blood calcium levels
Which is a syndemosis?
interosseous membrane
The type of ossification that is referred to as dermal ossification is also called ______ ossification.
intramembranous
Bone growth within a membrane is called _______.
intramembranous ossification
Which statement characterizes articular cartilage?
it functions to reduce friction in joints, it covers an epiphysis, it is composed of hyaline cartilage
In this picture of a synovial joint, letter B is pointing to the __________ cavity which contains synovial fluid.
joint
The place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a(n) ______.
joint
The bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a _______.
joint cavity
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
lower limb bones, vertebrae, upper limb bones
The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____.
medullary cavity
The formation and development of bone is ______.
ossification
Large phagocytic cells found in bone are called ______.
osteoclasts
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.
osteocyte
Mature bone cells are called _____.
osteocytes
Greenstick
partial fracture; convex side of bone breaks and the other side is bent
A fracture occurs in bone that has been weakened by disease is a(n) ______ fracture
pathologic
Cancer is most likely to be involved in what type of fracture?
pathologic
When a vertebra is fractured due to osteoporosis, it is an example of a ______.
pathologic fracture
A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the _______.
periosteum
The bone structure labeled B, which wraps around the _______.
periosteum
In fracture repair, the fracture hematoma becomes a ______, which in turn becomes a _____.
procallus, fibrocartilaginous callus
Osteoblasts function to _____.
produce osteoid
Which is a function of bone?
protection of organs
Functions of bone include ______.
protection, support, blood cell formation, and mineral storage
The bone part labeled A in the figure is the ______.
proximal epiphysis
Sex hormones are usually reduced in older adults, which may result in _____ bone mass.
reduced
The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ________.
simple fracture
A fibrocarilaginous callus is also called a _____ callus.
soft
A major role of thyroid hormone in bone remodeling is to _____.
stimulate bone growth by influencing the basal metabolic rate of bone cells
The role of estrogen and testosterone on maintenance and bone growth is to _____.
stimulate osteoblasts and promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure
What type of fracture is a thin break caused by recent increased physical activity in which the bone experiences repetitive loads?
stress fracture
The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a(n) ____.
suture
The type of fibrous joint shown here is called a(n) ________.
suture
Fibrocartilage of a _____ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber.
symphysis
Which type of joint is indicated by the arrow in the figure?
symphysis
What type of joint is indicated by the arrows in the figure?
synchondroses
An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a _____.
synchondrosis
An articulation in which bones are joined cartilage is called a ______.
synchondrosis
Which joints have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane?
syndesmoses
Which are types of fibrous joints?
syndesmoses, sutures, gomphoses
Which of the following joints is indicated here by the arrow?
syndesmosis
A joint that has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bone is a(n) _____ joint.
synovial
The chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in synovial joint are nourished by ______ fluid.
synovial
What type of fluid in a joint cavity acts as a shock absorber?
synovial fluid
A joint, or articulation, can occur between bones and ______.
teeth
Which statements characterize bone markings?
they indicate sites of blood vessels entry through bone, they can sometimes be used in skeletal remains to determine a person's sex, they are sites of articulations, they mark points of attachment for tendons and ligaments
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
they reside in lacunae & maintain bone matrix
Fracture due to impact or increased tension or torsion on bone from an outside source is a ______.
trauma fracture
Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint.
true
Stress fractures tend to occur in _______.
weight-bearing bones
Depression and grooves on bones usually indicate?
where blood vessels and nerves travel
The medullary cavity of adult bone contains _______ bone marrow.
yellow
