Anatomy Sp22 Final
Descending tracts carry sensory information away from the brain
True
Development of blisters following exposure of the skin to heat is indicative of a second-degree burn
True
Epimysium surrounds the belly of skeletal muscles
True
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both produced by the adrenal cortex
True
Growth of a bone in length is known as interstitial growth
True
Tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion
___ (or motor) impulses travel from the ___ to the ___ (muscles or glands)
efferent, central nervous system, effectors
If you penetrated the skin on the palm of your hand with a pin, which stratum would you penetrate last?
Basale
The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood
False
The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood back to the right atrium
False
The denticulate ligaments and the cauda equina are both structures that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement
False
The fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interventricular septum
False
The hamstrings act to flex the thigh
False
The letter "L" in SLUDD responses stands for lactation
False
The mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the occipital bone
False
The most abundant white blood cells are lymphocytes
False
The mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the bulbar conjunctiva
False
The nasal septum consists of septal cartilage plus portions of the maxillae and vomer
False
The patellar region is superior to the femoral region
False
The right ventricle has a thicker wall than the left ventricle
False
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone
False
The trachea extends down to the level of T-6 before it becomes the R & L primary bronchi
False
The two principle layers of skin are the dermis and the hypodermis
False
The umbilical veins in the fetus become the medial umbilical ligaments
False
The vestibular apparatus consists of the organs responsible for hearing and equilibrium
False
Which of the following membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior?
Serous membranes
CSF circulates in the ventricular of the brain and in the sub-arachnoid space outside the brain
True
The coronary sinus drains the heart wall
True
The digestive system is drained by the hepatic postal system
True
The false pelvis is superior to the true pelvis
True
The filum terminale is an extension of the pia mater
True
The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium
True
The dorsal root ganglion contains
cell bodies of sensory neurons
The average heart cycle lasts how long?
0.8 seconds
The number of phalanges in one hand is
14
The average blood pH is
7.35-7.45
In the diagram below, at which letter would atrial depolarization occur?
A
Bringing a bone back toward the midline of the body
Adduction
Anterior aspect of the elbow
Antecubital
In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:
Anteriorly
What term means programmed cell death that is orderly and doesn't damage surrounding cells?
Apoptosis
What does the letter "A" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?
Asymmetrical
The arm
Brachial
Which of the following would most likely have a bifid spinous process?
C6
Which of the following forms the mitotic spindle?
Centrioles
The four basic types of tissues in the body are:
Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial
Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?
Conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
The crossing over of motor axons to activate muscle on the opposite side of the body in relationship to the cerebral cortex occurs at which of the following regions?
Decussation of the pyramids
Which of the following is not a part of the cytoskeleton?
Desmosomes
Which of the following joints has the most movement?
Diarthrosis
The ABO blood typing system is used to classify mature red blood cells based upon the different types of cholesterol found in the plasma membrane
False
Which of the following is not a type of loose connective tissue?
Elastic tissue
Which of the following is not a type of fiber typically found in the ground substance of connective tissue?
Epithelial fibers
Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?
Facial VII
The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are
Facial(VII), vagus(X), and glossopharyngeal(IX)
A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium
False
A patient lying face down is said to be in the supine position
False
A person with type O blood can receive blood from type A or type B blood
False
Active bone cells which produce matrix are known as osteocytes
False
All of the fontanelles are closed by 20 months
False
An example of a synarthrosis is the knee joint
False
Areolar connective tissue forms the stroma of organs such as the spleen
False
Blood is heavier, thicker, and less viscous than water
False
Blood type AB is considered the universal donor
False
Chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood
False
Cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system
False
Elastic cartilage is found in the fetal skeleton and in the nose
False
Epithelial tissue is found on surfaces
False
Epithelial tissues are highly vascularized
False
Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if a bone tissue is injured
False
Ganglia are small masses of nervous tissue (usually neuronal cell bodies) that are located inside of the CNS
False
Hyaline cartilage is the strongest type of cartilage
False
In an isometric contraction, the muscle shortens
False
Increased intraoccular pressure is referred to as cataracts
False
Neurons that originate in the central nervous system and that function to carry information to smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle are sensory (efferent) neurons
False
Olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons
False
Phagocytosis means "cell drinking"
False
Post capillary sphincters regulate blood flow to capillaries
False
Pressure within the lungs increases with inspiration
False
Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of cub-shaped cells
False
This type of cell junction would be found between cardiac cells allowing for the passage of an electrical from one cell to another
Gap junctions
What type of cell in areolar connective tissue is responsible for producing the fibers found in the intercellular ground substance?
Fibroblast
Walking on the toes
Flexion
Broca's (motor speech) area
Frontal
The area that contains no thin filaments is known as the
H zone
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?
Hamate
Which of the following is not a part of the ethmoid bone?
Inferior nasal conchae
Which of the following cell membrane junctions adheres the cell to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
What term means a yellow tint to the skin and is considered abnormal?
Jaundice
Synovial membranes are associated with the:
Joints
Moving the spine to the left or the right
Lateral flexion
Which stratum is not found in the epidermis of the scalp?
Lucidum
Which organelle in the cell is often referred to as a "suicide sac"?
Lysosome
Which of the following terms means toward the midline of the body?
Medial
Which of the following is true of the tibia?
Medial malleolus at the distal end
Back of the head
Occipital
Visual association area
Occipital
Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand
Opposition
Which muscle below closes the eye, as in winking?
Orbicularis oculi
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that develop directly from
Osteoblasts
Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to these mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon
Osteocytes
Which best describes the maxilla bone?
Palatine process forms most of the hard palate
Primary gustatory area
Parietal
Primary somatosensory area
Parietal
Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones
Pisiform
The connective tissue sheet that envelope bone and is attached to its outer surface is called
Periosteum
Which of the following is the anatomical term for the back of the knee?
Popliteal
Which of the following is not an example of neuroglia found in the CNS
Schwann cells
An epithelium has several layers. The top layer is composed of flattened cells, whereas the basal layer is columnar cells.
Simple epithelium & squamous
Cutting a transverse section through the separates the:
Superior and inferior portions of the body
The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:
Supination
The inability to secrete mucous and absorb digested nutrients might indicate a disorder in which tissue?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What term best describes the position of the nose as compared to the lips?
Superior
During what stage of mitosis is the cleavage furrow first evident?
Telophase
Primary auditory area
Temporal
Which of the following is false?
The body of a vertebrae forms the posterior surface of the vertebral column
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
Triglyceride storage
Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS
True
An examination of the wall of the airways in the bronchial tree from bronchi to alveoli would reveal that cartilage decreases in quantity and disappears, while the amount of smooth muscle increases
True
In the limbs, the insertion of a muscles is almost always distal to the origin
True
Mast cells are the cells primarily responsible for the production of histamines
True
Paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal(V) cranial nerve
True
Pericardial fluid is located in a space external (superficial) to the visceral pericardium
True
Primary ossification proceeds from the external surfaces inward; secondary ossification proceeds from the interior outward the external surface of a bone
True
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells
True
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
True
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are typically shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
True
The Z discs, sometimes referred to as Z lines, define each sarcomere at both ends
True
The apex of the heart points at the left hip
True
The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve is a sensory nerve
True
The automatic nervous system (ANS) is classified as a subdivision of the PNS
True
The biceps brachii inserts into the radius
True
The bony labyrinth contains perilymph; the membranous labyrinth contains endolymph
True
The capitulum of the humerus is lateral to the trochlea
True
The cardiac notch is a feature of the left lung
True
The cervical curve is a secondary curve
True
The main type of lipids in the plasma membrane are phospholipids
True
The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible
True
The most common type of lever systems in the body are third class levers
True
The organ for hearing is located in the cochlea
True
The principal muscles of inhalation (inspiration) are the diaphragm and the external intercostals
True
The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot
True
The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings that have the open side on the posterior aspect of the trachea
True
The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
True
The volume of blood in an average male is 5-6 liters
True
There are two brachiocephalic veins, but only one brachiocephalic artery
True
Thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin
True
Upon inspiration, the volume of the lungs increases
True
What part of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna?
Ulnar notch
The axial skeleton is made up of which of the following bones
Vertebrae, sacrum, cranial and facial bones
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means the victim:
Was struck on the chin
In which of the following zones would you find the largest chondrocytes?
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
Supraspinatus
abducts arms
Which of the following must occur for air to enter the lungs during inhalation (inspiration)?
all of these
What is the functional classification of a synovial joint?
amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis
Capillaries receive blood directly from which of the following?
arterioles
The ductus venosus becomes the ____ after birth
arterioles
When compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons:
are electrically insulated, have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction, and are more numerous
The thenar eminance is located at the
base of the thumb
When the diaphragm contracts, it
becomes flatter
Which of the following muscles is a synergist to the biceps brachii
brachialis
The branches of the arch of the aorta, in correct order are:
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
The central nervous system contains which of the following?
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following is the correct sequence?
bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
In the circulation of CSF, where would it go immediately after leaving the third ventricle?
cerebral (midbrain) aqueduct
How is blood prevented from backing up into the left atrium from the left ventricle?
closing the mitral valve
The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains ___ tracts.
commissural
Pharynx
conducting zone structure
Secondary bronchi
conducting zone structure
Terminal bronchioles
conducting zone structure
Trachea
conducting zone structure
Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?
conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Which of the following would best describe the pathway of light through the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ___ end of the ___.
distal, femur
Gluteus maximus
extend thigh
Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is
fast glycolytic fibers
The inferior extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is called the
filum terminale
Semitendinosus
flexes leg
Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?
ganglion cell
Which of the following is a part of the celiac trunk?
hepatic artery
The gastric, pancreatic, and splenic veins are part of the
hepatic portal circulation
Which of the following is a characteristic of red muscle fibers (and gives them their color)?
high myoglobin concentration
What 3 parts fuse to make the acetabulum?
ilium, fibula, and patella
Which of the following does NOT form part of the nasal septum?
inferior nasal conchae
If a part of the name of a muscle is magnus, it means that the muscle
is the largest group of similar muscles
Infraspinatus
laterally rotates the arm
Teres minor
laterally rotates the arm
The prime movers of jaw closure and biting are the
masseter and temporalis muscles
The pectoralis minor muscle
may originate from ribs 3 to 5
Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and move the mandible from side to side are
medial and lateral pterygoid
Subscapularis
medially rotates arm
The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the
medulla and pons
In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?
medulla oblongata
In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?
midbrain
The brain stem consists of the following from superior to inferior:
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Cranial nerve IV is
motor for eye movement
Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons
myelinated
Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons
myelinated
Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
oculomotor III, trochlear IV, and abducens VI
Functions of the nose include
olfactory reception, filtration of incoming air, warming of incoming air, moistening of incoming air
What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
palmar venous arch, ulnar vein, brachial vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein
The postcentral gyrus is in the ___ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___ area
parietal, somatosensory
A ___ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord
peduncle
Soleus
plantarflexion
Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched?
platys-circular
Alveoli
respiratory zone structure
Respiratory bronchioles
respiratory zone structure
Cranial nerve I is
sensory for olfaction
Which of the following could serve as an effector for a somatic reflex?
skeletal muscle
Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers most resistant to fatigue are
slow oxidative fibers
Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?
somatic motor neurons
Depression of the clavicle is accomplished by the contraction of the
subclavius
Which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Which of the following would be considered a conducting zone structure
terminal bronchioles
The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations
that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli
Which of the following are true about the bronchi?
there are three right secondary bronchi
Which cartilage is also known as the Adam's apple?
thyroid cartilage
What is the correct order in which blood flow through the valves starting in the right atrium?
tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
A synapse is a functional junction between:
two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell
In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted?
tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window
Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons
unmyelinated
Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons
unmyelinated
Contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall produces ___ which is a ___ in the diameter of the vessel lumen
vasoconstriction; decrease
The main function of rods is:
vision in dim light