Anatomy Sp22 Final

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Descending tracts carry sensory information away from the brain

True

Development of blisters following exposure of the skin to heat is indicative of a second-degree burn

True

Epimysium surrounds the belly of skeletal muscles

True

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both produced by the adrenal cortex

True

Growth of a bone in length is known as interstitial growth

True

Tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion

___ (or motor) impulses travel from the ___ to the ___ (muscles or glands)

efferent, central nervous system, effectors

If you penetrated the skin on the palm of your hand with a pin, which stratum would you penetrate last?

Basale

The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood

False

The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood back to the right atrium

False

The denticulate ligaments and the cauda equina are both structures that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement

False

The fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interventricular septum

False

The hamstrings act to flex the thigh

False

The letter "L" in SLUDD responses stands for lactation

False

The mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the occipital bone

False

The most abundant white blood cells are lymphocytes

False

The mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the bulbar conjunctiva

False

The nasal septum consists of septal cartilage plus portions of the maxillae and vomer

False

The patellar region is superior to the femoral region

False

The right ventricle has a thicker wall than the left ventricle

False

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone

False

The trachea extends down to the level of T-6 before it becomes the R & L primary bronchi

False

The two principle layers of skin are the dermis and the hypodermis

False

The umbilical veins in the fetus become the medial umbilical ligaments

False

The vestibular apparatus consists of the organs responsible for hearing and equilibrium

False

Which of the following membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior?

Serous membranes

CSF circulates in the ventricular of the brain and in the sub-arachnoid space outside the brain

True

The coronary sinus drains the heart wall

True

The digestive system is drained by the hepatic postal system

True

The false pelvis is superior to the true pelvis

True

The filum terminale is an extension of the pia mater

True

The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium

True

The dorsal root ganglion contains

cell bodies of sensory neurons

The average heart cycle lasts how long?

0.8 seconds

The number of phalanges in one hand is

14

The average blood pH is

7.35-7.45

In the diagram below, at which letter would atrial depolarization occur?

A

Bringing a bone back toward the midline of the body

Adduction

Anterior aspect of the elbow

Antecubital

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:

Anteriorly

What term means programmed cell death that is orderly and doesn't damage surrounding cells?

Apoptosis

What does the letter "A" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?

Asymmetrical

The arm

Brachial

Which of the following would most likely have a bifid spinous process?

C6

Which of the following forms the mitotic spindle?

Centrioles

The four basic types of tissues in the body are:

Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?

Conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

The crossing over of motor axons to activate muscle on the opposite side of the body in relationship to the cerebral cortex occurs at which of the following regions?

Decussation of the pyramids

Which of the following is not a part of the cytoskeleton?

Desmosomes

Which of the following joints has the most movement?

Diarthrosis

The ABO blood typing system is used to classify mature red blood cells based upon the different types of cholesterol found in the plasma membrane

False

Which of the following is not a type of loose connective tissue?

Elastic tissue

Which of the following is not a type of fiber typically found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

Epithelial fibers

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

Facial VII

The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are

Facial(VII), vagus(X), and glossopharyngeal(IX)

A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium

False

A patient lying face down is said to be in the supine position

False

A person with type O blood can receive blood from type A or type B blood

False

Active bone cells which produce matrix are known as osteocytes

False

All of the fontanelles are closed by 20 months

False

An example of a synarthrosis is the knee joint

False

Areolar connective tissue forms the stroma of organs such as the spleen

False

Blood is heavier, thicker, and less viscous than water

False

Blood type AB is considered the universal donor

False

Chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood

False

Cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system

False

Elastic cartilage is found in the fetal skeleton and in the nose

False

Epithelial tissue is found on surfaces

False

Epithelial tissues are highly vascularized

False

Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if a bone tissue is injured

False

Ganglia are small masses of nervous tissue (usually neuronal cell bodies) that are located inside of the CNS

False

Hyaline cartilage is the strongest type of cartilage

False

In an isometric contraction, the muscle shortens

False

Increased intraoccular pressure is referred to as cataracts

False

Neurons that originate in the central nervous system and that function to carry information to smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle are sensory (efferent) neurons

False

Olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons

False

Phagocytosis means "cell drinking"

False

Post capillary sphincters regulate blood flow to capillaries

False

Pressure within the lungs increases with inspiration

False

Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of cub-shaped cells

False

This type of cell junction would be found between cardiac cells allowing for the passage of an electrical from one cell to another

Gap junctions

What type of cell in areolar connective tissue is responsible for producing the fibers found in the intercellular ground substance?

Fibroblast

Walking on the toes

Flexion

Broca's (motor speech) area

Frontal

The area that contains no thin filaments is known as the

H zone

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?

Hamate

Which of the following is not a part of the ethmoid bone?

Inferior nasal conchae

Which of the following cell membrane junctions adheres the cell to the basement membrane?

Hemidesmosomes

What term means a yellow tint to the skin and is considered abnormal?

Jaundice

Synovial membranes are associated with the:

Joints

Moving the spine to the left or the right

Lateral flexion

Which stratum is not found in the epidermis of the scalp?

Lucidum

Which organelle in the cell is often referred to as a "suicide sac"?

Lysosome

Which of the following terms means toward the midline of the body?

Medial

Which of the following is true of the tibia?

Medial malleolus at the distal end

Back of the head

Occipital

Visual association area

Occipital

Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand

Opposition

Which muscle below closes the eye, as in winking?

Orbicularis oculi

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that develop directly from

Osteoblasts

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to these mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon

Osteocytes

Which best describes the maxilla bone?

Palatine process forms most of the hard palate

Primary gustatory area

Parietal

Primary somatosensory area

Parietal

Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones

Pisiform

The connective tissue sheet that envelope bone and is attached to its outer surface is called

Periosteum

Which of the following is the anatomical term for the back of the knee?

Popliteal

Which of the following is not an example of neuroglia found in the CNS

Schwann cells

An epithelium has several layers. The top layer is composed of flattened cells, whereas the basal layer is columnar cells.

Simple epithelium & squamous

Cutting a transverse section through the separates the:

Superior and inferior portions of the body

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:

Supination

The inability to secrete mucous and absorb digested nutrients might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

What term best describes the position of the nose as compared to the lips?

Superior

During what stage of mitosis is the cleavage furrow first evident?

Telophase

Primary auditory area

Temporal

Which of the following is false?

The body of a vertebrae forms the posterior surface of the vertebral column

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Triglyceride storage

Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS

True

An examination of the wall of the airways in the bronchial tree from bronchi to alveoli would reveal that cartilage decreases in quantity and disappears, while the amount of smooth muscle increases

True

In the limbs, the insertion of a muscles is almost always distal to the origin

True

Mast cells are the cells primarily responsible for the production of histamines

True

Paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal(V) cranial nerve

True

Pericardial fluid is located in a space external (superficial) to the visceral pericardium

True

Primary ossification proceeds from the external surfaces inward; secondary ossification proceeds from the interior outward the external surface of a bone

True

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells

True

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

True

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are typically shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

True

The Z discs, sometimes referred to as Z lines, define each sarcomere at both ends

True

The apex of the heart points at the left hip

True

The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve is a sensory nerve

True

The automatic nervous system (ANS) is classified as a subdivision of the PNS

True

The biceps brachii inserts into the radius

True

The bony labyrinth contains perilymph; the membranous labyrinth contains endolymph

True

The capitulum of the humerus is lateral to the trochlea

True

The cardiac notch is a feature of the left lung

True

The cervical curve is a secondary curve

True

The main type of lipids in the plasma membrane are phospholipids

True

The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible

True

The most common type of lever systems in the body are third class levers

True

The organ for hearing is located in the cochlea

True

The principal muscles of inhalation (inspiration) are the diaphragm and the external intercostals

True

The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot

True

The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings that have the open side on the posterior aspect of the trachea

True

The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

True

The volume of blood in an average male is 5-6 liters

True

There are two brachiocephalic veins, but only one brachiocephalic artery

True

Thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin

True

Upon inspiration, the volume of the lungs increases

True

What part of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna?

Ulnar notch

The axial skeleton is made up of which of the following bones

Vertebrae, sacrum, cranial and facial bones

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means the victim:

Was struck on the chin

In which of the following zones would you find the largest chondrocytes?

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Supraspinatus

abducts arms

Which of the following must occur for air to enter the lungs during inhalation (inspiration)?

all of these

What is the functional classification of a synovial joint?

amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis

Capillaries receive blood directly from which of the following?

arterioles

The ductus venosus becomes the ____ after birth

arterioles

When compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons:

are electrically insulated, have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction, and are more numerous

The thenar eminance is located at the

base of the thumb

When the diaphragm contracts, it

becomes flatter

Which of the following muscles is a synergist to the biceps brachii

brachialis

The branches of the arch of the aorta, in correct order are:

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

The central nervous system contains which of the following?

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following is the correct sequence?

bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

In the circulation of CSF, where would it go immediately after leaving the third ventricle?

cerebral (midbrain) aqueduct

How is blood prevented from backing up into the left atrium from the left ventricle?

closing the mitral valve

The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains ___ tracts.

commissural

Pharynx

conducting zone structure

Secondary bronchi

conducting zone structure

Terminal bronchioles

conducting zone structure

Trachea

conducting zone structure

Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?

conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Which of the following would best describe the pathway of light through the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ___ end of the ___.

distal, femur

Gluteus maximus

extend thigh

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is

fast glycolytic fibers

The inferior extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is called the

filum terminale

Semitendinosus

flexes leg

Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?

ganglion cell

Which of the following is a part of the celiac trunk?

hepatic artery

The gastric, pancreatic, and splenic veins are part of the

hepatic portal circulation

Which of the following is a characteristic of red muscle fibers (and gives them their color)?

high myoglobin concentration

What 3 parts fuse to make the acetabulum?

ilium, fibula, and patella

Which of the following does NOT form part of the nasal septum?

inferior nasal conchae

If a part of the name of a muscle is magnus, it means that the muscle

is the largest group of similar muscles

Infraspinatus

laterally rotates the arm

Teres minor

laterally rotates the arm

The prime movers of jaw closure and biting are the

masseter and temporalis muscles

The pectoralis minor muscle

may originate from ribs 3 to 5

Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and move the mandible from side to side are

medial and lateral pterygoid

Subscapularis

medially rotates arm

The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the

medulla and pons

In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?

medulla oblongata

In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?

midbrain

The brain stem consists of the following from superior to inferior:

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Cranial nerve IV is

motor for eye movement

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

myelinated

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

myelinated

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

oculomotor III, trochlear IV, and abducens VI

Functions of the nose include

olfactory reception, filtration of incoming air, warming of incoming air, moistening of incoming air

What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?

palmar venous arch, ulnar vein, brachial vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein

The postcentral gyrus is in the ___ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___ area

parietal, somatosensory

A ___ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord

peduncle

Soleus

plantarflexion

Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched?

platys-circular

Alveoli

respiratory zone structure

Respiratory bronchioles

respiratory zone structure

Cranial nerve I is

sensory for olfaction

Which of the following could serve as an effector for a somatic reflex?

skeletal muscle

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers most resistant to fatigue are

slow oxidative fibers

Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?

somatic motor neurons

Depression of the clavicle is accomplished by the contraction of the

subclavius

Which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Which of the following would be considered a conducting zone structure

terminal bronchioles

The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations

that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli

Which of the following are true about the bronchi?

there are three right secondary bronchi

Which cartilage is also known as the Adam's apple?

thyroid cartilage

What is the correct order in which blood flow through the valves starting in the right atrium?

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

A synapse is a functional junction between:

two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell

In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted?

tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window

Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

unmyelinated

Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

unmyelinated

Contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall produces ___ which is a ___ in the diameter of the vessel lumen

vasoconstriction; decrease

The main function of rods is:

vision in dim light


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