Anatomy Test 1 Questions

What is the range in human cell diameters

7.5 to 150 Micrometers

Cystoskeleton

Cells internal support framework that provides movement and mech. that can move the cell

Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell?

Centrosome

Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton? A. Chromosomes B. Microtubules C. Microfilaments D. Intermediate fibers

Chromosomes

The interior of which organelle contains various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all of the main components of the cell?

Lysosome

Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body?

Microvilli

Often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production?

Mitochondrion

Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? A. Four haploid gametes B. A reduction division C. Two steps of cell division D. Two haploid gametes

Two haploid gametes

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a (an):

allosteric effector.

A major function of the cell membrane is to:

control what enters and leaves the cell.

Tight Junctions

controls what comes in and out of cells

The growth of functional new tissue is called:

regeneration

Lysosomes

sacs that have pinched off from Golgi App, Cells own digestive system

Peroxisomes

small sacs that detoxify harmful substances that enter cell. (Kidney, liver cells)

The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes.

synovial

Diffusion can be defined as:

the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Osmosis can be defined as:

the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

An organelle is a:

tiny structure found in the cytoplasm.

The two processes of protein synthesis are:

transcription and translation.

RNA makes proteins by:

translation.

n the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passages for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called

transport proteins.

Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other?

Gap junction

Which organelle is involved in processing and packaging proteins for export out of the cell

Golgi apparatus

Proteasomes

Hollow protein cylinders in cytoplasm, break down misfolded proteins and proteins no longer needed by cell

Red blood cells are placed in an unknown solution. After 45 minutes, the cells are examined and determined to have decreased in size. The unknown solution is:

hypertonic

A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called:

mucus

The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the:

neuron

The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the:

nitrogen base.

Ribosomes

non membranous structure, scattered in Cytoplasm and ER, large and small sub unit composed of rRNA and protein, Ribosomes in ER make proteins for export and free ribosomes make proteins for domestic use

A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the "command center" of the cell is the:

nucleus

Golgi App

organelle consists of cisternae located near nucleus. Processes proteins from ER

Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure.

osmotic

In the electron transport system, the final electron acceptor is:

oxygen

The cell process that involves microorganisms or other large particles being engulfed is called:

phagocytosis

he outer boundary of a human cell is called the

plasma membrane.

Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly?

Cartilage

Endoplasmic Reticulum

- Made of membranous-walled canals and flat, curving sacs arranged in parallel rows. - Two types of ER (Smooth and Rough) - Rough ER - Ribosomes on mem wall, synthesize proteins that go to Golgi App,Function in protein synthesis - Smooth ER - No Ribosomes, synth certain lipids and carbs, removes and stores ca++

Location, molecular structure, and width of plasma membrane

- Outer boundary of cell - 75 angstroms thick - made of bi layer of phospholipid molecules arranged with non-polar tails Cholesterol molecules, and protein molecules.

Centrosome

Area of cytoplasm near the nucleus that coordinates the building and breaking apart of micro tubules in the cell, location is identified by centrioles

Which of the following contains osteocytes?

Bone

Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue?

Cardiac

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

Cardiac

Which of the following contains intercalated disks?

Cardiac muscle

Plasma membrane functions

Communication function - signal transduction "carry across" Transportation function - allow certain substances to enter or leave the cell. It can "pump" other substance into the cell against the concentration gradient or pump other "wastes" etc. out of the cell. Identification function - Glycoprotein identification markers,distinguish between bad and good cells

Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell?

Cytoplasm

Which of the following is an active transport process?

Endocytosis

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

Movement

The three main cell structures

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

What is the major function of epithelial tissue?

Protection

Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Cell fibers

Support the ER, mitochondira, and "free" ribosomes

Centrioles

The position of the centriole determines the position of the nucleus and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell.

If red blood cells containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will happen?

Water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates.

Adipose tissue is:

a storage tissue.

After fertilization has occurred, repeated cell divisions soon convert the single-celled zygote into a hollow ball of cells called a (an):

blastocyst

A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a (an):

catalyst.

If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration called the:

citric acid cycle.

The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is:

connective.

Desmosomes

connects adjacent membranes

The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called:

cytoplasm

Locations on the cell surface at which cells are held together like "spot welds" are called:

desmosomes

Three types of inter-cellular junctions

desmosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions

Facilitated diffusion is not an active transport process because it:

does not depend on cell energy.

Diffusion moves:

down a concentration gradient.

The tip of the nose and the external ear are composed of:

elastic cartilage.

Proteins that act as catalysts are called:

enzymes.

Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the:

epidermis

All glands in the body can be classified as either:

exocrine or endocrine.

The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is:

fibrocartilage

Ribosomes are organelles that:

float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Function of Nucleoli

form ribosomes

Gap Junctions

forms gaps or tunnels, fuse two plasma membranes into a single structure

Functions of the nucleus

functions of DNA molecules DNA determines both the structure and function of cells and heredity

Mitochondria

made of microscopic sacs, powerhouse of the cell, provide most of cells energy supply, each mito has a DNA Molecule

The intercellular material in connective tissue is the:

matrix

Cell Extensions

microvilli, cilia and flagella,